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SHILOH 



REPORT OF THE COMMISSION 



BY 

T.J. LINDSEY, WASHINGTON C. H., OHIO 

SECRETARY TO THE COMMISSION 






THE LIBRARY OF 
COI\e-K£SS, 


Two Copies 


ReceivecJ 


JUN 25 


190-1 


Copyiight Entry 

CLASS Oy XXo, No 

COPY B, 



COPYRIGHT IN 1903 



T. J. LINDSEY 



Engraved, Electrotyped, 

Printed and Bound by 

C.J. K R E H B I E L i; CO. 

Broadway & Reading Road, 

Cincinnati. 



CONTENTS. 



Maps of Shiloh, pocket in front cover. page 

Original Shiloh Church, frontispiece. " 

The Battle of Shiloh — Its Importance and Benefit to the Union Cause 3 

Bloody Pond 114 

The Shiloh National Military Park 9 

Monument of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston 8 

Headquarters Monument of Gen. W. H. L. "Wallace 10 

The 1st Ohio Infantry 56 

The 6th " " 58 

The 13th " " 60 

The 15th " " 62 

The 19th " " 64 

The 20th " " 13 

The 22d " " 15 

The 24th " " 06 

The 41st " " 68 

The 4Gth " " 18 

The 48th " " 21 

The 49th " " 70 

The 53d " " 23 

The 54th " " 25 

The 56th " " 28 

The 57th " " 30 

The 58th " " 32 

The 59th •' " 72 

The 64th " " 74 

The 65th " " 75 

The 68th " " '• 34 

The 70th " " 35 

The 71st " " 37 

The 72d " " 39 

The 76th " " 41 



PAGE 

The 77th Ohio Infantry 42 

The 78th " " 44 

The 81st " " 46 

The 5th Cavalry 50 

The 5th Independent Battery 51 

The 8th " " 53 

The 14th " " 54 

The 1st Light Artillery Battery A 79 

" " " " " G 77 

Preliminary to the Battle 80 

Pittsburg Landing in 1862 144 

Field of Operations 83 

Present View of Crossing of Shiloh Branch 136 

The Battle of Shiloh 95 

The Siege Guns 12 

Detailed Movements of Organizations: 

Army of the Tennessee 115 

Army of the Ohio 144 

Appointment of Commission, Laws, Contracts, etc 152 

Reports of Experts 165 

Financial Report 180 

View of Shiloh National Cemetery 212 

Dedication of Ohio Monuments 183 

Speech of Hon. David F. Pngh 188 

Acceptance of Monuments for the National Government by Col. C. Cadle...l94 

Oration of Hon. Josiah Patterson 197 

Oration of Col. Luke W. Finlay 206 

Oration of Hon. Ralph D. Cole 215 





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Washington C. H., OhiO;, ISTovember 15, 1902. 

To the Governor of Ohio: 

Sir: 

The undersigned members of The Ohio Shiloh Battlefield 

Commission, appointed by Governor A. S. Bushnell under an 

Act passed by the General Assembly of Ohio April 25, 1898, 

and a Supplementary Act thereto passed February 28, 1900, 

to locate positions of Ohio troops and erect monuments there^ 

for on the battlefield of Shiloh, have the honor to submit a 

report of their proceedings in pursuance of their duties under 

said Acts. 

Very respectfully, 

John Mitchell^ Chairman, 

T. J. LiNDSEY^ Secretary, 

J. S. Laughlin, Treasurer, 

N. K. Paek, 

Milton Turner^ 

Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission. 



The Battle of Shiloh. 



The Battle of Shiloh. 



ITS IMPORTANCE AND BENEFIT TO THE UNION CAUSE. 



THE battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, fought on Sun- 
day and Monday, April 6 and 7, 1862, was the first great 
conflict of the Civil War and one of its most sanguinary. 

The events prior and leading up to that great struggle be- 
tween the North and South are familiar to all readers of 
American history; yet many wrong impressions have been 
formed in consequence of the conflicting written statements 
prompted by the prejudiced opinions of the writers. 

The capture of Forts Henry and Donelson had brought the 
fame of General Grant before the country with so much promi- 
nence that in its shadow all others except McClellan's were 
obscured. While these disasters to the Southern cause had 
a depressing effect on tho people of the South it also nerved 
them to make greater effort, and they hoped by one tremendous 
blow to retrieve what they had lost. The North had lapsed 
into overconfidence and thought that tlie war would be of short 
duration ; that the fall of Donelson was a dis.aster from which 
the Confederacy could not recover. This sentiment not only 
prevailed >among the citizens of the entire North, l)ut also 
among the soldiers they had sent to subdue tlie South. 

There were many ambitions yet to be satisfied, and many 
wished for the opportunity to do what Grant had done. These 
conditions prevented tliat unanimity of purpose which is es- 
sential for military success and a prospect for an early close 



4 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

of the war; and the renown Grant had gained at Donelson, 
which Halleck thought belonged to him as the originator of 
the plans which Grant, as a subordinate, had successfully 
carried out, developed in Halleck his vindictive disappoint- 
ment, which he exposed by removing Grant from the head of 
the Army of the Tennessee, upon a flimsy excuse, at the begin- 
ning of the most important campaign yet undertaken. Hal- 
lock's ambition was greater than his patriotism, and led him 
to commit blunders which came near making the victory at 
Donelson a national disaster. 

Nicolay axid Hay, in their "Life of Lincoln," thus speak 
of the condition then existing: 

"It is now evident that if the Union forces could have been 
promptly moved forward in harmonious combination, with 
the facility which, the opening of the Tennessee River afforded 
them, such an advance might have been made and such strate- 
gic points gained and held as would have saved at least an 
entire year of campaigning and battle in the West. Unfor- 
tunately this great advantage was not seized, and in this con- 
dition of affairs could not be; and a delay of a fortnight or 
more enabled the insurgents to renew the conffdenoe and gather 
the forces to establish another line farther to tlie south, and 
again interpose a formidable resistance. One cause of this 
inefficiency and delay of the Union commander may easily be 
gleaned from the dispatches interchanged by them within a 
few days succeeding tlie fall of Fort Donelson, and which, 
aside from their military bearings, form an interesting study 
of human nature. * * * * Under this arrangement was 
fought the great battle on the Tennessee that Halleck pre- 
dicted, giving the L^nion arms a victory, the decisive influence 
of which was felt throughout the remainder of the war; a 
success, however, due mainly to the gallantry of the troops, 
and not to any brilliant generalship of Halleck or his subor- 
dinate commanders." 

At that time the only policy of Mr. Lincoln was to save 
tlie Union, with or without slavery. "While it is presumed 



The Battle of Shiloh. 5 

tliat if there had been no slavery there would have been no 
war, yet the perpetuity of the Union was paramount to all 
other conditions or questions. A united and intelligent prose- 
cution of the war on the part of the Xorth at that time would 
have secured the entire line of the Mississippi River, which the 
scattered and demoralized Confederates were powerless to pre- 
vent; and as the slave party were guaranteed protection to 
their peculiar institution a sentiment for peace would have 
swept the entire South, the war would have stopped, and the 
country would have returned to its former unsatisfactory con- 
dition. Therefore it appears as though the hand of Providence 
created a situation to prevent a condition that would prolong 
the life of this curse to humanity and make the iN'ation pay 
a price for its destruction that would blot it for all time from 
civilization. 

The army, under the successor of Grant, General C. F. 
Smith, moved up the Tennessee River into the very jaws of 
the Confederacy, with the intention of rendezvousing at Sa- 
vannaJi on the east side. Sherman was sent forward on the 
Yellow Creek expedition for the purpose of destroying rail- 
road communication to the west of Corinth, which was the 
objective point of the campaign. The high waters made Sher- 
man's mission a failure, and he was compelled to return. 

It was reported to General Smith that a more convenient 
place for disembarking his army was at Pittsburg Landing, 
ten miles above Savannah, and on the west side of the river, 
from which direct roads led to Corinth. General Smith, there- 
fore, ordered his troops to concentrate there. 

It was General Smith's plan, approved by Halleck, that 
whatever force he was able to collect at Pittsburg Landing by 
about the middle of March he was to move at once against 
Corinth. At that time the Confederates had but few troops 
there and any considerable force would have found an easy 



6 Ohio at Skiloh. 

conquest, and the important railroads at that point would have 
been in possession of the Union army. The events that fol- 
lowed, preventing the consummation of these plans, seemed 
at the time too insignificant to be noted. 

The headquarters of the army were on a transport in the 
Tennessee Eiver and General Smith had not yet been to 
Pittsburg Landing. He wished to give some orders personally 
to General Lew Wallace and consult him in regard to the ad- 
vance on Corinth, and ordered his boat to lie alongside of 
the one on which General Wallace had his headquarters. 
General Smith, in attempting to jump from one boat to the 
other, fell and injured his knee severely and to such an extent 
as to disable him, and he was removed to the Cherry residence 
in Savannah, which he never left alive. 

Halleck was notified of the accident to General Smith, 
and its serious aspect, and was compelled to reinstate Grant in 
command, but issued orders in connection to the effect that 
the contemplated advance on Corinth should be suspended 
until General Buell with the Army of the OJiio, which was 
then at l^ashville, should join the Army of the Tennessee, and 
that the latter army should go into camp at Pittsburg Land- 
ing pending the arrival of Buell, and also that Grant should 
make his headquarters at Savannah. 

This arrangement gave the Confederates the opportunity 
to concentrate Uieir scattered forces at Corinth, where, by the 
first of April, they had an army outnumbering that which was 
waiting for Buell on the banks of the Tennessee, twenty miles 
away. 

General Albert. Sidney Johnston, who was in command at 
Corinth and was chafing under the vituperation and criticism 
of the Southern press for the loss of Kentucky and Forts 
Henry and Donelson, saw his opportunity to i*ecover what 
had been lost and strike a blow for the Southern cause that 



The Battle of Shiloh. 7 

could put the Confederates in a position to become the aggres- 
sors, and compel the l^orth to give up all they had gained, 
and either acknowledge the inde2>endence of the South or 
fight a defensive war. 

The plans of General Johnston were fully known to only 
a fe^v of his most intimate officers. They were to strike the 
araiy under Grant at Pittsburg Landing before Buell could 
join him, and the tactics were to force the Union left flank 
back to the Landing and double the army up in the marshes of 
Owl Creek, compelling its surrender. This was as far as 
General Johnston's plans were generally known, but he had 
also made all arrangements for crossing the Tennessee River 
and either capture Buell or disj>erse his army, and, if success- 
ful, other scattered forces vrould be ordered to join him and, 
there being no organized Federal force in his front that would 
be able to impede his march to the Ohio River, he would cross 
and transfer the seat of war to the IsTorth. 

Had these plans been successfully executed (and from the 
Confederate side they appeared feasible) and had not General 
Johnston lost his life in the first day's battle, and had he suc- 
ceeded in destroying the Army of the Tennessee, it is not diffi- 
cult now to realize what the result might have been upon the 
destiny of our country. 

The Confederacy had already been recognized and had the 
friendship of some of the nations of Europe, and there were 
others undecided and waiting to see which would prove the 
stronger side, and whose cause they would then be ready to 
espouse, and a Union disaster and Confederate success of such 
magnitude would not only have brought general recognition, 
but also such aid as would have opened the blockaded ports of 
the South and in the end established the Southern Confed- 
eracy. 

An eminent Southern writer has said "The South never 



3 Ohio at Shiloh. 

smiled after ShiloL" Its yellow soil had drank their best 
blood, and it was there their fondest hopes were buried; it 
was there that tthej for the first time realized that Southern 
chivalry and dash had met its equal in Northern valor and en- 
durance; it was the beginning of the war and also the begin- 
ning of the end of the war — for the ghost of Appomattox 
was ever after with them. 



Shiloh National Militaby Pabk. 9 



The Shiloh National Military Park. 



IN 1895 Congress passed the bill introduced by Greneral 
Henderson of Iowa, making the Shiloh battlefield a Na- 
tional Military Park, and placing the whole matter in charge 
of the Secretary of War. A National Commission was ap- 
pointed representing the Federal and the Confederate armies 
that engaged in the battle. This Commission has charge of 
the work of construction. 

The governors of the States whose troops were engaged in 
the battle on either day were requested by the National Com- 
mission to reoommend to their various legislatures the en- 
actment of the necessary laws, so that the individual States 
could cooperate with the national authorities in the erection 
of monuments, tablets, and other appropriate memorials, to 
perpetuate in an enduring manner the heroic bravery of the 
men who fought on this bloody field for what they thought 
to be right — a nation's tribute to American valor. 

Of the Northern States, Illinois had the greatest number, 
represented by twenty-seven regiments of infantry, ten batter- 
ies of artillery, and six organizations of cavalry; however cav- 
alry was not used to any great extent by either army in this 
battle. Ohio came second, with twenty-four regiments of 
infantry, four batteries of artillery and three battalions of 
cavalry. 

At the date of the dedication of the Ohio monuments, 
Illinois and Ohio were the only States that had their monu- 
ments erected, but Illinois yet has a cavalry and a fine state 



10 Ohio at Shiloh. 

monument to be placed in the Park. Iowa has made provision 
for eleven regimental monuments and a fine state monument 
costing not less than $25,000, Indiana has also provided for 
all its troops. Wisconsin, Michigan and Nebraska follow, 
but with a less nimiber of organizations; yet what they had 
are liberally provided for. Pennsylvania had one regiment 
in the second day's battle, and has put up a $5,000 monument 
for it. 

Of the Southern States Tennessee had the greatest number 
of troops in the battle, and as the Park is in their territory it 
is presumed that they will be the first of the Southern States 
to join the States of the ISTorth in this national memorial to 
the soldiers of the North and South. 

The Government has secured about 3,^00 acres of land for 
the Park, which practically takes all the fighting ground of 
both days' battle. Workmen have been employed for several 
years past to grub out underbrush and to perform otlier kinds 
of labor, the object being to restore the battlefield to as nearly 
the same condition as possible at the time of the battle. 

The fine boulevards which have been constructed are splen- 
did specimens of engineering skill. These roadways lead to 
every point of interest in the Park. Metal signs and tablets 
give the visitor all necessary information, so that there is no 
necessity for guides. The Government puts in all the foun- 
dations without cost to the States, thereby securing proper and 
lasting structures on Avhich all monuments will stand. When 
complete the Shiloh National Park will be the most beautiful 
and interesting of any so far constructed, and everything that 
can add to its beauty or interests is being done. 

The National Commission appointed by the Secretary of 
War were Colonel Cornelius Cadle, of Cincinnati; Major D. 
W. Reed, of Evanstcn, 111. ; Major-General Don Carlos Buell, 
Colonel R. F. Looney, of Memphis ; and Captain James W. 




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Shiloh National Military Park. 11 

Irwin, of Savannah, Tenn. Colonel Cadle is diairmaii and 
represents the Army of the Tennessee; General Buell the 
Army of the Ohio; Colonel Looney and Captain Irwin the 
Confederate Army. Major Reed is the historian. Mr. At- 
well Thompson is engineer in charge, and he also constructed 
the roads in Chickamaiiga Park. 

Since the first organization of the Commission two of its 
members have died — General Buell and Colonel Looney. Ma- 
jor J. H. Ashcraft, of Paducah, was appointed in place of 
General Buell, and Colonel Josiah Patterson, of Memphis, to 
succeed Colonel Looney. 

The Xational Commission at present consists of Colonel 
Cadle, Chaii-man, Colonel Josiah Patterson and Major J. H. 
Ashcraft. Major D. W. Reed is the secretary and historian, 
and Captain Irwin agent for the purchase of lands, the two 
latter not being members of the Commission so far as the 
executive part of the duties are concerned. 

The business relations of the Ohio Commission with the 
[National have been most pleasant. No disagreements or 
other unpleasantness to mar our pereonal relations, which are 
of the warmest character, have occurred, and as the work of 
the Ohio Commission has been completed, and as we clasp 
their hands in a farewell in severing our business obligations, 
we will always remember w^ith the keenest pleasure these 
friends we met on the field of Shiloh. 



12 Ohio at Shiloh. 



Historical Sketch 



OF EACH OHIO OEGANIZATION PKIOE TO THE BATTLE OF SHILOH. 



THE following short historical sketches are given of each 
organization that is represented by a monnment in the 
Shiloh Park. These have been principally taken from "Ohio 
in the War." The services of each are only given up to the 
Battle of Shiloh. The photo-engravings of the monuments 
give the fronts of each, and the inscriptions which appear on 
them lare in raised letters and can be easily read. Where the 
name of more than one oflB.cer appears in connection with the 
regiment or brigade it denotes that each had command of 
the organiziation in some part of the battle. The historical 
inscription or legend is cut in sunken letters on the back of 
each monument. This is given at the close of the historical 
sketches. 



20th Infantey. 13 



ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. 



GENEEAL U. S. GEANT^ COMMANDING. 



20th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized in May, 1861, for the three 
months' service, and was reorganized at Camp King 
near Covington, Kentucky, on the 21st day of October, 
1861. Its commander. Colonel Charles Whittlesey, was a 
graduate of West Point, ^nd for some years preceding the war 
was an eminent engineer and geologist, residing much of the 
time in the region of Lake Superior. He supervised and car- 
ried toward completion the defenses of Cincinnati, which 
were commenced back of Covington by General O. M. Mitchell 
while there, and mainly under the supervision of Lieutenant- 
Colonel M. F. Price. The members of the regiment were 
imbued with that soldierly ispirit which adhered to them 
through all the vicissitudes of their field service. During the 
winters of 1861 and 1862 the regiment was employed in guard- 
ing batteries in the rear of Covington and I^ewport. Four 
ooanpanies were sent during the winter into an insurrectionary 
district, near Warsaw, Kentucky, and on the 11th of Feb- 
ruary, 1862, the entire regiment, with the exception of Com- 
pany K, embarked on steamers for the Cumberland River. 

The 20th arrived at Fort Donelson on the evening of Feb- 
ruary 14, and was under fire to some extent during the 15th. 



14 Ohio at Shiloh. 

It marched to the extreme right of the army, was placed iii 
reserve, and was compelled to stand a severe test in seeing 
crowds of stragglers falling back from the front, and in being 
forced to hear their wild reports of disaster and defeat. But 
notwithstanding these discouragements the regiment passed 
through its first battle with credit. After the surrender of the 
Fort the 20th was sent north in charge of prisoners and be- 
came scattered all over the land. By the middle of March 
seven companies had been brought together and they proceeded 
up the Tennessee River on the expedition to Yellow Creek. 
On their return from this expedition they went into camp 
near Crump's Landing and were attached to the 3d Brigade, 
commanded by Colonel Whittlesey, and the 3d Division of 
the Army of the Tennessee, under command of General Lewis 
Wallace. The regiment was engaged in the second day's battle 
of Shiloh on the extreme right of the army. 

The monument erected for the 20th stands in the Smith 
field facing south of west, and about two hundred yards north 
of McDowell's headquarters. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment was engaged Northwest of Jones's field at 
8 a. m., April 7, 1862. It then supported the left of the 
Division until about noon, Avhen it returned to the extreme 
right of the Army and was engaged here from 2 to 3 p. m. 

"It had present for duty, officers and men, 491. Its loss 
was 1 man killed; 1 officer and 18 men wounded; total 20." 



22d Infantry. 16 



22d Infantry* 



np HIS regiment was one of the offshoots of the appointment 
* of Major-General John C. Fremont to the command of 
the Western Department. Its place of organization was at 
Benton Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo. Although officered by 
Ohio men, and its ranks filled mainly from that State, it was 
organized originally under the name of the "13th Missouri 
Volunteer Infantry," and mustered into the service, Noveri;!- 
ber 5, 1861. It started to the field as a Missouri regiment, on 
January 26, 1862, with the Colonel, three other field officers, 
and eight of the Captains from Ohio. 

On January 26, 1862, it proceeded to Cairo, 111., report- 
ing to Brigadier-General U. S. Grant, then commanding that 
district. Art; Cairo it was met by orders to proceed to Smith- 
land, Ky., reporting to Colonel Lauman, commanding that 
port. On its arrival at Smithland the men had barely time 
to get camp and garrison equipage to the place selected for 
their camp, when orders came to prepare three days' rations 
and march in light order to support a cavalry reconnoissance 
then in progress toward Fort Henry. This movement was 
miade on the 31st of January. 

After marching nearly two days the cavalry foi-ee was met 
on its return, and the next morning the regiment started back 
to Smithland. This march was the first experience of the regi- 
ment in field service, and, owing to a sudden change of weather 
from sunmier to winter, its initiation was quite severe. 

Orders were found awaiting the regiment at Smithland to 
proceed by transports up the Tennessee River, as a part of 



16 Ohio at Shiloh. 

the investing force against Fort Henry. It was found, how- 
ever, on its arrival near Fort Henry, that General Grant was 
already in possession and was busily engaged in organizing 
the army for an attack at Fort Donelson. In the organization 
of this force the 13th Missouri was brigaded in General C. F. 
Smith's Division. In the first attack the position of the regi- 
ment was near the left of the line, and as the heavy fighting 
took place on the right, they were not exposed to much danger. 
On February 15, when General Smith assaulted the enemy's 
works on the right, the regiment was in position near the 
center, two miles from the point of assault. Receiving orders 
to report at once to the left, the men dropped everything but 
their arms and anmiunition and reported on the "double 
quick" to the General. ISTight found the regiment in a posi- 
tion to support Lauman's Brigade. During the night orders 
oame directing the regiment to prepare for storming the bat- 
teries at daybreak of the ensuing morning. The dawn found 
the regiment in front of Lauman's advanced position. Every- 
thing was in readiness for the signal to charge, but the enemy's 
batteries were strangely silent Presently the white flag, de- 
noting the surrender, was eeen floating from the principal 
works. After occupying the Fort for a few days orders were 
received to proceed to Clarksville, thence to iJTashville and 
thence back to Clarksville. From there the next move was to 
Pittsburg Landing, arriving there on March 20. At the time 
of the battle of Shiloh the numerical force of the regiment 
was five hundred and thirty-eight officers and men. On July 
7, 1862, the Secretary of War issued an order transferring the 
13th Missouri to the State of Ohio, to be named the 22d Ohio 
Volunteer Infantry. At the battle of Shiloh tlie regiment was 
in McArthur's 2d Brigade, which was a part of the 2d Divi- 
sion, commanded by General W. H. L. Wallace, Army of the 
Tennessee. 



2 2d Infantet. 17 

Tlie monument ef-ected for this regiment stands about 
two hundred yards in front of Marsh's Brigade Camp, and 
a short distance west of the 46th Ohio monument. 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument reads 
as follows : 

"This regiment was detached from its brigade and ordered 
to support General Sherman. It became engaged here about 
11 a. m., April 6, 1862. It was driven back to Jones's field, 
rallied 'and returned to this place, where it was engaged until 
2 p. m. It had present for duty, officers and men, 538. 

"Its loss was 10 men killed ; 3 officers and 67 men wounded ; 
t ynan missing; total 81." 



18 Ohio at Shiloh. 



46th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was recruited at Wortliington, Franklin 
county, Ohio, in the month of September, and was organ- 
ized on October 16, 1861. It was sent to the field from Camp 
Chase on February 18, 1862, with an aggregate of 975 men, 
and on the 22d it reported at Paducah, Kentucky. It was 
brigaded with the 6th Iowa and 40th Illinois, and was at- 
tached to the 5th Division, commanded by General Sherman. 
The regiment embarked for the Upper Tennessee on the 6th 
of March, and arrived at Savannah on the 8th. It remained 
there four days, when the Grand Army arrived, and on the 
morning of the 14th the fleet reached Pittsburg Landing, 
which the Confederates had abandoned. A detail of the 46th 
was the first organized body of troops to disembark. The 
regiment was posted a short distance to the right of Shiloh 
Church, and remained there until the battle. While the regi- 
ment was at Savannah a number of recruits were enlisted from 
among the loyal citizens of that vicinity. On Saturday, April 
5, Companies B and K were on picket. During the night the 
enemy was feeling the lines constantly, and at daylight his 
column could be seen deploying in the distance. At sunrise 
a Confederate cavalry officer emerged from the woods within 
thirty yards of the picket line and checked his horse. He stood 
for a moment in seeming composure, and then inquired, "Are 
these Union pickets?" He was told they Vv^ere, and was or- 
dered to come up. He attempted to turn his horse again into 
the woods, and in an instant the rifle of Sergeant Glenn of 



46Tn Infantry. 19 

(rompanj K emptied its deadly contents into his brain; but be- 
fore the sun had set the Sergeant, too, lay stark and stiff on the 
bloody field. The 46th did valiant service in the battle and 
in consequence was one of the heavy losers. 

The 46th was under the command of Colonel Thomas 
Worthington, who was a graduate of West Point and was one 
of the few officers who appreciated the perilous position of 
the Union army at Pittsburg Landing. Before the battle of 
Shiloh he repeatedly urged his superior officers to entrench for 
the purpose of repelling an attack which he predicted would 
be made before the arrival of Buell. His suggestions were 
treated with contempt by both Grant and Sherman, and if the 
word had been coined at that time he would have been dubbed 
a "crank" by these Generals. General Sherman in his mem- 
oirs thus speaks of Colonel Worthington in part as follows : 
"Among my colonels I had a strange character — Thomas 
Worthington, Colonel of the 46th Ohio. He was a graduate 
of West Point of the class of 1827 ; was, therefore, older than 
General Halleck, General Grant, or myself, and claimed to 
know more about war than all of us put together." Events 
proved, at least so far as the situation at Pittsburg Landing 
was concerned, that the Colonel did know more than either 
or all of the Generals named. And the sjilendid fighting done 
by the 46th on the first day at Shiloh is also proof that their 
Colonel knew something about the art of war. After the close 
of the battle on the second day, and no one knew what the 
next day might bring forth, Colonel Worthington had his 
men make a line of works in front of their camp. These works 
can be seen today almost in perfect condition, and are a grim 
reminder of what might have been had the advice of Colonel 
Worthingt-on been heeded. 

The monument erected for this regiment stands about one 
hundred yards in front of wiiere McAllisters Battery Camp 



20 Ohio at Shiloh. 

was located. Of the wounded given below seventeen are known 
to have died from the effects of their wounds shortly after the 
battle. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment fell back from its camp and defended this 
position, where it did its most severe fighting from about noon 
until 2 p. m., April 6, 1862. It had present for duty, officers 
and men, 701. 

"Its loss was 2 officers and 35 men killed; 4 officers and 181 
men wounded; 24 men missing; total 246." 



48th Infantky. 21 



48th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized at Camp Dennison, in Oc- 
tober, 1861, where it remained until February 17, 1862, 
when it was ordered to Paducah, Kentucky, arriving there 
February 19. The regiment went into camp and received 
its arms there of Austrian muskets. It performed picket and 
camp duty until the 6th of March, when it was ordered up 
the Tennessee River with its Division, the Fifth, commanded 
by Greneral Sherman. The regiment arrived at Savannah, 
Tennessee^ on March 11, where it remained until the 14th, 
when Sherman's Division was ordered up the river on the 
Yellow Creek campaign, for the purpose of cutting railroad 
communication with Corinth. The movement was a failure on 
account of the streams, which had become impassable from the 
long and heavy rains. The division fell back down the river 
to Pittsburg Landing, where the regiment disembarked after 
a confinement of twelve days on a steamboat. On the 21st 
day of Mai:ch the regiment was ordered to camp about one 
hundred rods in the rear of Shiloh Church, and about two hun- 
dred yards from Shiloh Branch. The regiment was in the 
Fourth Brigade, which was composed of the 48th, 70th and 
72d Ohio, commanded by Colonel R. P. Buckland of the 72d. 
On April 3 the brigade was ordered on a reconnoissance about 
five miles on the road leading to Corinth. As there were in- 
dications that the enemy was near they were formed in line 
of battle and two companies of the 48th were sent foi'ward as 
skirmishers, and were soon engaged with the enemy's cavalry; 



22 Ohio at Shiloh. 

but as orders wei"^ strict "not to be drawn into battle/' tke 
skirmishers fell back to the brigade, which returned to their 
camps. On the next daj, April 4, at about 2 p. m., the left of 
the -iSth picket line was attacked by cavalry and eight of 
the TOtli Ohio taken prisoners, together with Lieutenant Greer 
of the 48th, who was oh Colonel Buckland's staff. The brigade 
was hurried to the picket line and formed in line of battle, but 
the enemy had retired after losing several, killed and wounded. 
Saturday, April 5, passed quietly until about 5 o'clock p. m., 
when another alarm was sounded, calling the brigade in line 
of battle again, but nothing of moment occurred. These fre- 
quent alarms did not seem to impress the commanding officers 
of the army as of any importance, and while General Sher- 
man was quietly sleeping in his tent on the night of April 5 
the enemy was forming a line of battle, 25,000 strong, less 
than two miles away, and of which he was totally unconscious. 
At the opening of the battle on Sunday morning, April 6, the 
48th was in line, ready to receive the enemy. 

The monument for the 48th stands two hundred yards in 
front of center of their camp, on the edge of a field which 
slopes to Shiloh Branch, and a short distance west of Shiloh 
Church. In the list of wounded appearing in the inscrip- 
tion on the moniunent, 18 were mortally wounded and died 
from the effects of their wounds shortly after the battle. 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument reads 
as follows : 

^'This regiment was engaged here from 7 a. m. to 10 a. m., 
April 6, 1862. Its loss was 1 officer and 11 men killed; 3 
officers and 70 men wounded; 2 officers and 16 men missing; 
total 103." 



53d Infantry. 23 



53d Infantry* 

THIS regiment was autJiorized bv Governor Dennison, 
September G, 1861, and the rendezvous established at 
Jackson, Ohio. The organization was completed in January, 
1862, and the regiment was ordered to prepare for the field. 

On the 16th of February the regiment embarked on a 
steamboat at Portsmouth, Ohio, and proceeding to Paducah, 
Kentucky, reported to General W. T. Sherman; was assigned 
to the Third Brigade of Sherman's Division. The regiment 
moved with its division on transports up the Tennessee River 
to Savannah, and remaining there one day started with the 
expedition to Yellow Creek, the object being to cut the Mem- 
phis and Charleston Railroad. The expedition failed on 
account of the high waters prevailing at that time. Upon their 
return they were disembarked at Pittsburg Landing, where 
General C. F. Smith was then concentrating the Army of 
the Tennessee for the purpose of moving on to Corinth. They 
went with Sherman's Division on its reconnoissance to Mon- 
terey, ten miles from Pittsburg Landing, on the road to Cor- 
inth. But finding no enemy they returned the next day and 
the regiment was assigned to a camp in the Ray field, a short 
distance southwest from Shiloh Church, and on the opposite 
side of Shiloh Branch. On account of being confined so long 
on transports, sickness increased very rapidly until not more 
than half the officers and men were fit for duty. 

The 53d has been much criticised about their conduct in 
the first day's battle of Shiloh. They were unfortunate in 
having an arrant coward for a colonel, who at first sight of the 
enemy deserted his men, crying to them "Save yourselves," 



24 Ohio at Shiloh. 

and he was seen no more until the battle was over. There 
are mitigating circnmstances connected with the disordered 
condition of tliis regiment on that Simday morning, besides 
the example of their colonel. The officers in command of the 
Union army did not anticipate that a battle would be fought 
there until they saw the heavy columns of the enemy bearing 
down on them on the morning of April 6. It was then too 
late to correct previous mistakes. One of the mistakes was 
the manner in which the encampment of the troops was placed. 
We will speak here only of the camp of the 53d. It was iso- 
lated from other troops and in a position wholly untenable if 
attacked by any considerable force, and under the circum- 
stances as they occurred the place could not have been held by 
three or four times the number of the 53 d. It must also be 
remembered that this regiment av^s a new one, had never heard 
the whistle of a hostile bullet nor seen an armed enemy until 
they so unexpectedly appeared in their front on that Sunday 
morning. If their Colonel had led them back across Shiloh 
Branch and taken a position to the left of Waterhouse's bat- 
tery, where they ought to have been, there is little question 
but that they would have acquitted themselves with honor. The 
regiment did good service after Shiloh, which proves they were 
not wholly to blame. Their Colonel was cashiered for coward- 
ice after the battle and their other field officers promoted, so 
that it is conclusive that the authorities placed the whole blame 
on their Colonel. 

The monument for this regiment stands in the center of 
their camp in the Ray field. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment formed here at 8 a. m., April 6, 1862, but 
soon fell back across the ravine in the rear. Its loss was 9 men 
killed; 1 officer and 32 men wounded; 2 men missing; total 
44." 



54th Infantry (Zouaves). 25 



54th Infantry (Zouaves)* 



T^ HIS regiment was recruited the latter part of the summer 
•■• of 1861 from the counties of Allen, Auglaize, Butler, 
Cuyahoga, Fayette, Green, Hamilton, Logan and Preble. It 
rendezvoused at Camp Dennison, where it was organized and 
drilled during the fall and winter of 1861. On February 17, 
1862, the regiment went to the front with an aggregate of 
about 800 men. It joined General Sherman at Paducah, 
Kentucky, February 20, and was assigned to the 2d Brigade 
mth the 71st Ohio and 55th Illinois of Sherman's Division. It 
participated in the advance on Columbus, Kentucky, then 
known as the "Gibraltar of the West." It remained in Co- 
lumbus after the evacuation for three days, then it returned 
to Paducah, and on the 6th of March took transports and went 
up the Tennessee River. It was part of Sherman's force on 
the Yellow Creek expedition; on its return it disembarked at 
Pittsburg Landing, and went into camp about one-half mile 
to the left of Prentiss' Division, on the Hamburg Koad and 
near its crossing of Lick Creek. While in camp it was on sev- 
eral reconnoitering expeditions toward Corinth, reaching at 
one time within nine miles of that place. The members of the 
regiment were mostly young men, the average age being but 
eighteen years. It formed the extreme left of the Union army 
on Sunday, and first day of Shiloh, and with the 55th Illinois, 
without artillery and totally isolated from any support what- 
ever, succeeded in holding the right wing of the Confederate 



26 Ohio at Shiloh. 

army at bay "until tkeir ammunition was exhausted, which, was 
2 o'clock p. m. Colonel Thomas Kilby Smith of the 54th com- 
manded the brigade during the battle. Four companies of the 
regiment were detached before the battle opened on the Federal 
left for the purpose of preventing the enemy's cavalry from 
getting in the rear, leaving six companies with less than 300 
men with the 55th Illinois to face the entire brigade of Gen- 
eral Chalmers. Its losses were more than fifty percent. In the 
list of wounded given below twelve are known to have died 
shortly after the battle from the effects of their wounds. A 
number of those marked missing were afterwards found to 
have been killed, wounded or captured. 

Among others who joined the Ohio delegation on June 6, 
1902, at the dedication of the monimients were Walter George 
Smith, a prominent attorney of Philadelphia, and his two 
brothers, W. B. Duncan Smith and Thomas Kilby Smith. 
These gentlemen are the sons of the late General Thomas Kil- 
by Smith, who was Colonel of the 54th Ohio at Shiloh, and 
after Colonel Stuart received his wound in the first day's bat- 
tle Colonel Smith took command of the brigade, which he 
handled with so much skill and ability as to gain the warmest 
praise of his superior officers. This was the first visit of the 
Messrs. Smith to the field where their father's great reputa- 
tion as a soldier was first made. 

The monument for this regiment stands twenty-five yards 
south of where their dead were buried and near center of their 
line of battle, and due east about six hundred yards from 
Stuart's headquarters. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment with six of its companies at this place 
and four companies 300 yards to the left defended the posi- 
tion on extreme left of Union Army from 11.30 a. m. to ^ 



54th Infantky (Zouaves). 



27 



p. m., April 6, 1862. Its loss was 2 officers and 23 men killed; 
5 officers and 128 men wounded; 32 men missing; total 190. 



KILLED. 

Co. A. Ezra J. Latham, Co. D. 

ISTalium Chesley, 

William Ilolcomb, 

Louis Stirtz. 
Co. B. Franklin B. Adams, Co. E. 

Jas. M. Castleman, Co. F. 

Francis V. Hale, 

Henry King, 

Allen H. Lowe. 
Co. C. 2d.Lt.G. De Charm, Co. G. 

Thos. 'N. Dowden, 

Fergus Mitchell, 

John Caplin, 

Jason Randall. 



W. H. H. Shockey, 
John E. Lusk, 
Joseph McTaggart, 
William ISTorthup. 
James Potter. 
Capt. P. Bertram, 
Edward Moon, 
Samuel Carl, 
Frank Oberniger. 
Albert Black, 
John Ferguson. 



28 Ohio at Shiloh. 



56th Infantry* 



THE organization of this regiment was undertaken at a 
very unpropitious time for the raising of recruits. The 
country around Portsmouth, Ohio, had been well drained of 
men already, and few seemed left among whom to operate ; but 
the officers, nothing daunted, determined to fill up the ranks. 
After much solicitation the order was given to organize the 
regiment. On October 8, 1861, the camp was organized at 
Portsmouth and the officers went vigorously to work raising re- 
cruits. Men came in steadily but not rapidly. By December 
12, with the utmost labor, the regiment was filled to the mini- 
mum number. The transition from the civil life to the sol- 
dier's camp, and the miserable winter weather of that year, 
began to tell upon the health of the men. Measles appeared 
among the recruits and some two hundred and fifty cases oc^ 
curred within a few days, which, although it did not kill, at 
once rendered them unfit for the spring campajign and event- 
ually laid many of them in soldiers' graves. 

On February 10, 1862, orders were received to report at 
Paducah, Kentucky, and on the 12th the regiment took its de- 
parture on transports for its destination. The morning of the 
16th of February found the regiment in line before the rifle 
pits of Fort Donelson assisting our victorious troops to receive 
the surrender of that post. After many changes the 56th was 
brigaded with the 20th, '76tb and 78th Ohio, under Colonel 
Chas. R. Wood, and attached to the 3d Division under General 
Lew Wallace. About the middle of March it moved to Pitts- 



56th Infantky. 29 

burg Landing, where the Union forces were being concentrated. 
The 56th arrived on the 17th day of March and went into 
camp with its division at Crump's Landing, five miles below 
Pittsburg Landing. Sickness was rife in the regiment at this 
point, over sixty being sent to the general hospital at Paducah. 
Late in March the brigade was ordered to Adamsville, six miles 
from the river. On the 6th of April, early in the morning, the 
booming of artillery and crash of muskerty announced that the 
battle of Shiloh had commenced. When General Lew Wallace's 
Division was ordered to Pittsburg Landing the 56th was de- 
tailed to guard the stores and camp equipage at Crump's Land- 
ing. 

The monument for this regiment stands behind the position 
of the siege guns on the evening of April 6, 1862, and on the 
north side of the Purdy and Savannah road. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment was left to guard stores at Crump's Land- 
ing." 



so Ohio at Siiiloh. 



57th Infantry* 



]Sr Septembe-r 14, 1861, Governor Dennison gave authority 
to recruit a regiment of infantry to be designated the 
57th, to rendezvous at Camp Vance, Findlaj, Ohio. Recruit- 
ing oomiiienced on the 16th of September and was pushed rap- 
idly forward. The regiment was partially organized at Camp 
Vance, from where it moved on January 22, 1862, to Camp 
Chase, where it was completed on the 10th of February, num- 
bering 956 men and 38 commissioned officers. The localities 
from which the regiment was recruited were the counties of 
Hancock, Putnam, Wood, Seneca, Auglaize, Mercer, Sandusky, 
Hamilton, Van Wert, Allen, Shelby, Logan and Crawford. 
The regiment left Camp Chase on February 18, 1862, 
under orders to report at Fort Donelson. When it arrived at 
Smithland, Kentucky, the order was changed and it reported 
at Paducah. Here the regiment was assigned to the Third 
Brigade, Fifth Division of the Army of the Tennessee. On the 
8th of March the regiment left Paducah and arrived at Savan- 
nah, Tennessee, on the 11th. It participated with Shennaii 
on the Yellow Creek expedition, and on its return disembarked 
at Pittsburg Landing, arriving there on the 16th of March. 
On the following day it went with Sherman on his reconnois- 
sance to Monterey, ten miles from Pittsburg Landing, on the 
road to Corinth. On the 19th it went into camp near Shiloh 
Church. From the 22d to the 24th of March the regiment 
opent in making reconnoissances toward Corinth. On the 1st 
of April the regiment, with other troops and two gun-boats, 



57th Infantry. 31 

went up the river to Eastport, Mississippi, and from there 
moved to Chickasaw, Alabama; but those places having been 
abandoned by the enemy the regiment returned to its oamp. 
The regiment suffered much from sickness, and when the 
battle of Shiloh opened on the morning of the 6th of April 
there were but 450 men able to report for duty. The rG;>;i- 
ment was posted in the ravine to the left of the TTth Ohio snd 
to the right and front of Waterhouse's battery, which it was 
supporting. The stampede of the 53d Ohio, which occupied the 
high gi'ound in the Ray field about four hundred yards to the 
left front of the 57th, and on the south side of Shiloh Branch, 
threw the 57th into confusion, but they had already checked the 
enemy's advance across the ravine, which gave Waterhouse's 
battery, the opportunity of inflicting severe loss on the masses 
ef Confederates that were pressing the 5th Division with much 
vigor. 

The monument for this regiment stands in the ravine be- 
low the Ray spring, and two hundred yards in front of the 
position of Waterhouse's battery. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment was engaged here from 7 a. m. to 9,30 a. m., 
April 6, 1862. It had present for duty, officers and men, 542. 
Its loss was 2 officers and 8 men killed ; 4 officers and 68 men 
wounded; 12 missing; total 94." 



32 Ohio at Shiloh. 



58th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, from 
October 1, 1861, to January 28, 1862, to serve three 
years. It remained in Camp Chase nntil February 10, 1862, 
when it was ordered to report to the army then investing Fort 
Donelson, where it arrived on the morning of February 13th. 
Stopping only long enough to prepare their coffee, the regiment 
then within four miles of the Fort, pushed on with energy, im- 
pelled by the sound of the conflict resounding through the 
woods. After making a circuitous and fatiguing march of 
twelve miles over rough roads, in order to get into a proper po- 
sition it went into camp late in the evening in sight of the 
Fort. Tired and exhausted by the excessive fatigue of the day, 
the men threw themselves on the ground and were soon sound 
asleep, utterly oblivious of what might befall them the next 
day. They awoke in the morning surprised to find themselves 
covered by a fall of snow three inches in depth. The regiment 
was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, under 
General Lew Wallace. Preparations were at once made to 
take part in the assault on the Fort. After moving a short dis- 
tance a furious attack was made by the enemy, but the shock 
was met with coolness and ended in the Confederates being 
driven back to their entrenchments. This ended the active 
work of the day, although the regiment remained in line of 
battle until late in the evening, when it returned to camp. 
Early on the morning of the 16th the regiment was marched to 
the center of the line, where it remained until the announce- 



58th Infantry. 33 

ment of the surrender of the Fort. The 58th was immediate- 
ly marched into the Fort and Lieutenant-Colonel Remple, with 
his own hands, hauled down the first Confederate flag the regi- 
ment had ever seen. At the battle of Fort Donelson the 58th 
supported Taylor's Illinois battery, placed on the ISTashville 
road, and successfully held that important position against the 
Division under Bushrod Johnson. The enemy on their re- 
pulse reported to General Johnson that it was impossible to 
take the l^ashville road as it was filled with regular soldiers. 
This mistake occurred from the fact that the men of the 58th 
Ohio wore hats with the regulation feather and dark blue uni- 
forms. Remaining at Fort Donelson until the 7th of March 
the regiment left for Fort Henry, and on the 15th of March 
it moved up the Tennessee River to Crump's Landing, five 
miles below Pittsburg Landing, and went into camp. The 
regiment was engaged in the second day's fight at Shiloh under 
General Lew Wallace. 

The monument for this regiment stands on the west side 
of the Crescent field. 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument reads 
as follows: 

"This regiment was engaged at north end of Jones's field 
at 8 a. m., April 7, 1862. It advanced to this place where it 
was engaged from 10 a. m. to 2 p. m. It had present for duty, 
officers and men, 630. Its loss was 9 men killed ; 2 officers and 
40 men wounded; total 51.". 



34 Ohio at Shiloh. 



68th Infantry* 



THIS regiment commenced to rendezvous at Camp Latta, 
Napoleon, Ohio, on ISTovember 21, 1861. The counties 
of Defiance, Paulding, Williams and Fulton each furnished 
one company and Henry county furnished the majority of the 
men for the other companies. On January 21, 1862, the regi- 
ment moved to Camp Chase, where it remained until the 1'th 
of February, when it moved to Fort Donelson. Arriving there 
on the 14th it was assigned to General Charles F. Smith's 
Division and was engaged in skirmishing on the left of the line 
during both days' operations. After the surrender the regi- 
ment was encamped near Dover until March 15, when it moved 
to Metal Landing on the Tennessee River, and from there by 
boat to Crump's Landing, where it was assigned to the 2d 
Brigade of General Lew Wallace's 3d Division. The health 
of the regiment until tliis time bad been remarkably good, but 
now bad weather, bad water and bad rations reduced the regi- 
ment's strength more than one-half. The regiment was de- 
tailed to guard stores at Crump's Landing during the battle of 
Shiloh. 

The monument for this regiment stands behind the location 
of the siege guns on the evening of April 6, 1862, and on the 
north side of the Purdy and Savannah road. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument is : 

"This regiment was left to guard stores at Crump's Land- 
ing." 



70th Infantry. 35 



70th Infantry* 



WHEN the war began to assume its gigantic proportions 
in the fall of 1861 the President made his second call 
for men in number commensurate with the serious work on 
hand. Ohio, as ever, was equal to the occasion, and every effort 
was put forth to raise her quota. Upon application in person 
J. K. Cockerill, of Adams county, was appointed by the Gov- 
ernor to the rank of Colonel, with authority to raise the 70th 
Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On the 14th day of October a camp 
was established at West Union^ and in the course of a few days 
four hundred men had reported. Owing to the unprepared 
state of the general and state governments, arms and equip- 
ments were not furnished to the regiment until at least a full 
month after they went into camp. By the 25th of December 
seven full companies were organized and three in process of 
formation, at which time the regiment was ordered to Ripley 
to repel an anticipated raid from Kentucky. While at Ripley 
two companies originally intended for the 52d Ohio were sent 
from Camp Dennison and attached to the 70th, thus completing 
the regiment. On February 17, 1862, it was ordered to Pa- 
ducah, Kentucky, and on its arrival reported to General W. T. 
Sherman and Avas attached to his Division (5th) then organiz- 
ing. In brigading this Division the 70th was placed in the 
3d Brigade with the 48th and 72d Ohio, Colonel Buckland of 
the 72d commanding. On the 10th of March the Division 
moved up the Tennessee River on transports and disembarked 
at Pittsburg Landing. On the 19th it went into camp near 



36 Ohio at Shiloh. 

Shiloh Church. At this point three brigades of Sherman's 
Division, were encamped in a partial line of battle, facing 
south, the 3d Brigade in the center, the left of the 70th resting 
directly on Shiloh Church, with a narrow road between the left 
company and the church, a small creek three or four hundred 
yards in their front forming a depression of forty or fifty 
feet on the tableland. Orders were received on the 3d day of 
April from General Sherman sending the 3d Brigade to recon- 
noitre to the front. No enemy in force was found within five 
miles. On the next day the enemy's cavalry made a dash and 
carried off one ofBoer and seven men of the 70th from the picket 
post on the Corinth road, about three-fourths of a mile in front 
of the camp. On the 5th the enemy's cavalry and the Union 
pickets were exchanging shots all the afternoon. On Sunday 
morning, the sixth, the picket line was driven in upon the line 
of battle which was formed about one hundred yards in front 
of the color line of the camp and here it was that the storm 
struck it. The enemy withdrew his skirmishers, developed his 
advancing lines on the opposite slope and opened a fierce fire 
with artillery and musketry — and the bloody battle of Shiloh 
had begun. 

The monument for this regiment stands about one hundred 
yards in front of their camp center, two hundred yards north- 
west of Corinth road and to the right, and two hundred yards 
west of Shiloh Church. 

The inscription on the back of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment was engaged here from 7 a. m. to 10 a. m., 
April 6, 1862. It had present for duty, officers and men, 854. 
Its loss was 9 men killed; 2 officers and 55 men wounded; 11 
men missing; total 77." 



7lsT Infaktry. 37 



7 1 St Infantry* 



THIS regiment was recruited mainly in the counties of 
Miami, Auglaize and Mercer, under the superintendence 
of Barton S. Kyle of Troy and G. W. Andrews of Wapakoneta. 
Recruits began to rendezvous at Troy in the latter part of Oc- 
tober, 1861, and about February 1, 1862, the organization was 
complete. It was recruited and organized with as little expense 
to the Government as any regiment sent into the service from 
Ohio to serve three years. Rodney Mason of Springfield, who 
was supposed to possess something of a military education and 
had passed through the three-month service as Lieutenant-Col- 
onel of the 2d Ohio, was appointed Colonel by Governor Den- 
nison, Messrs. Kyle and Andrews concurring in the appoint- 
ment and they being commissioned respectively Lieutenant- 
Colonel and Major. The regiment received marching orders 
February 10, 1862, and four days later reported to General 
, Sherman at Paducah, Kentucky. One-half of the regiment 
participated in the advance on Columbus, Kentucky, on Feb- 
ruary 25, remaining there three days after the evacuation and 
returned to Paducah to join the general advance up the Ten- 
nessee River. The regiment was brigaded with the 54th Ohio and 
55th Illinois, under the command of Colonel Stuart of the 55th 
Illinois, which constituted the 2d Brigade of Sherman's (5th) 
Division. The brigade, on its arrival at Pittsburg Landing, 
went into camp on the north side of the Hamburg road near 
the Lick Creek crossing. The 71st was the largest regiment in 
point of numbers in the brigade. This regiment has been 



38 Ohio at Shtloh. 

severely censured for its conduct in the battle of Shiloh; and, 
so far as Colonel Mason is concerned^ deserved the severest 
condenmation. At the first appearance of the enemy Colonel 
Mason put spurs to his horse, basely deserting his men. And 
about this time the 19th Alabama, under Colonel Wheeler 
(now General in the United States Army) made a rush at them 
and this, in connection with the conduct of Colonel Mason, 
precipitated a wild stampede to the rear, the men throwing 
away their arms in the flight, the Confederates at the same 
time firing into the disorganized mass, made it impossible for 
Lieutenant-Colonel Kyle, who was killed while doing every- 
thing in his power to rally them. Adjutant Hart, of the Ylst, 
succeeded in getting seventeen of the men to rally with the 
55th Illinois, who were on their left, and they fought both days 
gallantly through the battle. After Colonel Mason had been 
cashiered the 71st did good service, so that the presumption is 
if the Colonel had done his duty the men would would have 
done theirs. 

The monument for this regiment stands one hundred and 
fifty feet due north of Stuart's headquarters. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment formed line of battle here at 11 a. m., 
April 6, 1862, but was soon driven back to the ravine in the 
rear. Lieutenant-Colonel Barton S. Kyle was killed while at- 
tempting to rally the regiment. Its loss was 1 ofiicer and 13 
men killed; 44 men wounded; 1 ofiicer and 50 men missing; 
total 109." 



720 Infantry. 39 



72d Infantry^ 



T^ HIS regiment was organized at Fremont, Ohio, during 
■1 the months of October, JSToveniher and December, 1861. 
The recruits were principally from the counties of Sandusky, 
Erie, Medina and Wood. On January 24, 1862, the regiment, 
numbering about nine hundred men, left Fremont for Camp 
Chase. As the regiment had not the maximum number of men 
Company K was broken up and distributed among the other 
companies, and a company originally recruited for the 52d 
Ohio was assigned to the 72d and designated Company K. The 
regiment was equipped fully, and in February was ordered to 
report to General W. T. Sherman at Paducah, Kentucky. 
Here the regiment was assigned to a brigade composed of the 
48th, 70th and 72d, under the command of Colonel Buckland. 
Early in March the 72d proceeded up the Tennessee Eiver with 
its Division (5th) and participated in the expedition to Yellow 
Creek. On its return it was disembarked at Pittsburg Land- 
ing and encamped near Shiloh Church. The regiment having 
been confined for sixteen days on a boat, their long confine- 
ment, together with the bad water at Pittsburg Landing, 
proved disastrous to the health of the troops, and the 72d was 
very much reduced in numbers. On the 3d of April Buck- 
land's Brigade was engaged in a reconnoissance in which they 
met the enemy's advance and exchanged shots. On the next 
day Companies B and H were ordered to reconnoitre the front- 
of the picket lines. The companies became engaged separately 
with the enemy's cavalry, and Major Crockett and two or three 



40 Ohio at Shiloh. 

mien of Company H were captured and several were wounded. 
Company B was surrounded, but fought against great odds and 
was saved by the arrival of the balance of the regiment. Com- 
pany B lost four men, wounded. Buckland's Brigade met 
the enemy on the morning of April 6, and withstood the onset 
of three successive lines, and notwithstanding the defection of 
Hildebrand's Brigade on the left, held its position for two 
hours, when Sherman ordered it to retire. The 72d acquitted 
itself with honor in the battle of Shiloh. 

The monument for this regiment stands in one of the most 
conspicuous points on the field, eighteen feet south of where 
their dead were buried, who were killed in the battle on the 
high ground overlooking Shiloh Branch and the Corinth. Eoad^ 
and west from Shiloh Church. > 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument reads 
as follows: 

"This regiment was engaged here from 7 a. m. to 10 a. m., 
April 6, 1862. It had present for duty, officers and men, 647. 
Its loss was 2 officers and 13 men killed; 3 officers and 70 men 
wounded; 45 men missing; total 133." 



TGtii Infantry. 41 



76th Infantry^ 



CAPTAIN CHARLES R. WOODS, of the 9th United 
States Infantry, having been authorized to raise a regi- 
ment for the three years' service, recruited and organized the 
Y6th Ohio Volunteer Infantry at ISTewark, Ohio, on February 
9, 1862. The regiment left ISTewark, and proceeding via 
Paducah, Kentucky, to Fort Donelson, took an active part 
in the engagement at that place. On the 6th of March it 
moved up the Tennessee River, disembarking at Crump's 
Landing, where it remained until the 31st, when it marched to 
Adamsville and became a part of the 3d Brigade with the 
20th, 56th and 78th Ohio, commanded by Colonel Charles Whit- 
tlesey, and a part of the 3d Division under General Lew Wal- 
lace. It joined with its Division the army at Pittsburg Land- 
ing on the evening of April 6, 1862, after the close of the first 
day's battle of Shiloh. In the second day's battle the regiment 
was engaged with its brigade on the right of the army. 

The monument for this regiment stands at the southeast 
comer of the Crescent field. 

The inscription on the rear side of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This regiment was engaged north of Jones's field, at 
8 a. m., April 7, 1862. It then supported Stuart's Brigade 
until about 2 p. m., when it was engaged here in front line. Its 
loss was 4 men wounded; 1 missing; total 5." 



42 Ohio at Shiloh. 



77th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized at Marietta, Ohio, in the fall 
of 1861, with Jesse Hildebrand as its Colonel. Imme- 
diately upon the organization of the regiment, and before equip- 
ment, it was ordered from Marietta to Camp Dennison. From 
there on February 17, 1862, it was ordered to report to Greneral 
W. T. Sherman at Paducah, Kentucky. Reporting on the 20th 
of February it was assigned to Sherman's (5th) Division, and 
with the 53d and 57th Ohio, and two battalions of the 5th 
Ohio Cavalry, formed the 3d Brigade, with Colonel Hildebrand 
commanding. On the 9th of March the regiment with its 
brigade embarked on transports for the advance up the Ten- 
nessee River. With the Division it took part in the attempt to 
break the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, known as the Yel- 
low Creek expedition. On its return it disembarked at Pittsburg 
Landing on the 16th, made a reconnoissance to Monterey, ten 
miles on the Corinth Road, on the 17th; on the 18th it went 
into camp on the left side of Shiloh Church. The regiment took 
part in the operation of the Division from this point toward 
Corinth and Purdy. On the 1st of April it embarked on trans- 
ports and passed up the river to Eastport, Mississippi, disem- 
barked there and had a spirited skirmish with the enemy be- 
tween Eastport and luka, Mississippi, to which point it had 
been ordered, to ascertain the strength and position of the 
enemy about luka. It returned to Pittsburg Landing in time 
to take part in the affair with enemy on the 5th. At this time 
Sherman's Division occupied the advance toward Corinth, the 



77th Infantry. 43 

3d Brigade posted in the left center of the line. On the morn- 
ing of the 6th, at the first alarm, the 72d formed in line of bat- 
tle, its right resting on the Corinth road on the high groim.d 
behind Shiloh Spring, where it was in a strong position, com- 
manding the crossing of Shiloh branch, and became heavily en- 
gaged here. The breaking of the 53d and 57th Ohio on its left, 
leaving that flank exposed, threw the regiment into confusion 
and compelled it to fall back and form a new line, near Tay- 
lor's battery. On the 8th of April, the following day after the 
close of the battle of Shiloh, the 77th, with other troops, moved 
to the front in pursuit of the enemy. Finding the enemy, it 
was ordered forward to ascertain their strength and position. 
So reduced was the regiment by the losses in the two days* 
fighting, by sickness, details and straggling, that it numbered 
but little over two hundred men and thirteen officers. At this 
point, known as "Falling Timbers," General Forest surrounded 
the 77th and it was going hard with them until other troops 
came to their relief. The regiment sustained a very heavy loss 
in this affair, which is included with their losses in the battle 
of Shiloh. 

The monument for the 77th stands fifty yards in front of 
the center of their camp, one hundred yards from the Corinth 
road, and between their camp and Shiloh Spring. 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument is as 
follows : 

"This regiment was engaged here from 7 a. m. to 9.30 a. m., 
April 6, 1862. On the 8th it joined in the pursuit of the 
enemy and was engaged in fight near Mickey's. Its loss on the 
6th, 7th and 8th was 1 officer and 50 men killed ; 7 officers and 
109 men wounded; 3 officers and 48 men missing; total 218." 



44 Ohio at Shiloh. 



78th Infantry. 



T "FrT<! T8th Ohio was raised under special authority from 
Governor Dennison, issued to M. D. Leggett, of Zanes- 
ville, Ohio. The first man of the regiment was enlisted October 
30, 1861. The organization was completed on January 11, 
1862, and the regiment left for Cincinnati on the 11th of Feb- 
ruary, where it embarked on steamers for Fort Donelson. This 
point was reached on the 16th of February, and the regiment 
went into position on the battlefield, but too late to take part 
in the action. Immediately after this battle the regiment saw 
its first field duty — ^that of taking care of prisoners and stores. 
On the 1st of March the regiment marched across the country 
to Metal Landing on the Tennessee River, where it went into 
camp awaiting transportation. About the 10th of March it 
moved with the ISTational forces up the Tennessee River to 
Crump's Landing, and thence to Adamsville, on the road to 
Purdy, to guard the exposed flank of the army at Pittsburg 
Landing. ISTothing of interest transpired here excepting a few 
slight skirmishes with scouting parties of the enemy. The 
78th was attached to the 3d Brigade with the 20th, 56th and 
Y6th Ohio, which was a part of General Lew Wallace's (3d) 
Division. 

The brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing with General 
Lew Wallace's Division at eight o'clock on Sunday evening, 
April 6, 1862, after the close of the first day's battle of Shiloh. 
Early in the morning the regiment went into the battle on the 
right of the army and was under fire throughout the day, with, 
however, but slight loss. 



78th Infantry. 46 

The monument for this regiment stands in the Smith field, 
facing south of east, on the high ground on right of line of 
battle. 

The inscription on the reverse of the monument reads as fol- 
lows: 

''This regiment was engaged north of Jones field at 8 a. m., 
April 7, 1862 ; was transferred to the right and was engaged 
here from 2 p. m. to 3 p. m. Present for duty, 635 officers and 
men. Its loss was 1 man killed ; 9 wounded ; total, 10." 



46 Ohio at Siiiloh. 



81st Infantry* 



DUKING the summer of 1861 it was allowable, by order of 
tke War DeiDartment, for any one to enlist men for Gen- 
eral Fremont's command and to have them mustered either 
singly or in squads or in companies, and forwarded to his head- 
quarters at St. Louis. Under these orders Colonel Thomas 
Morton, formerly Colonel of the 20th Ohio in the three months' 
service, contracted to raise a full regiment which was to be 
armed with the best rifles, and was to be known as "Morton's 
Independent Kifle Kegiment." By some bad management one 
company, after being sent to St. Louis, was incorporated into 
another regiment, and this loss, together with the loss of one or 
two other companies which were expected to join Morton's regi- 
ment, but were prevailed on to go elsewhere, delayed the filling 
up of the regiment, so that it did not seem likely that the 
Colonel would fulfill his promise in the time allowed. At this 
juncture the State took the regiment into its fold. It was de- 
nominated the 81st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and it was agreed 
that the officers already appointed should be commissioned by 
the Governor, and that the State authorities should use every 
endeavor to have the regiment filled to the maximum. It ren- 
dezvoused at Benton Barracks, and on the 24th of September, 
1861, the detaelmient received marching orders, and on the 
following day was taken to Franklin, Missouri, and a day or 
two after to Herman. It had now reached eight companies of 
nearly six hundred men. In ISTovember the regiment moved 
against a force of the enemy in Calloway county, but found 



81sT Infantry. 47 

the camp deserted. In December the guerrillas destroyed a 
portion of the JSTorth Missouri Railroad, and orders came for 
the forces at Herman to march to the railroad and drive off 
the troublesome bands. The troops moved in extremely cold 
"weather, with snow on the ground, and the advance reached 
Danville just as the enemy's rear left. During the next two 
weeks the regiment was marching through northern Missouri, 
sleeping on the ground in rain, sleet and snow, with no covering 
but blankets. At the end of that time it was stationed at 
Wells ville, Montgomery City, Florence and Danville, on the 
North Missouri Railroad, with headquarters at the latter place. 
About the 1st of March the regiment was ordered to St. Louis. 
It was armed with short Enfields and placed on board a trans- 
port and on the I7th of March arrived at Pittsburg Landing. 

The 81st was in the 2d Brigade commanded by General 
John Mc Arthur, which was ^a part of the 2d Division under 
General W. H. L. Wallace. It was detached from its brigade 
during the battle of Shiloh, and with the 13th Missouri guarded 
Snake Creek Bridge until 3 p. m., April 6, 1862, when it was 
by the personal order of' General Grant sent forward to develop 
the enemy at crossing of Hamburg and Corinth roads. After 
succeeding in executing this order it fell back and took a posi- 
tion in the last line supporting the siege guns. 

In Monday's battle it had no field officers present and was 
attached to the command of Colonel C. C. Marsh of the 20th 
Illinois. It sustained a loss in both days' battle of 2 ofiicers 
and 2 men killed; 17 men wounded; 2 men missing; total 23. 

We were unable to get a photograph of the 81st Infantry 
monument, as it has not yet been erected. 

The position selected by the Ohio Commission for this 
monument, and approved by the ISTational Commission and the 
Secretary of War was near the crossing of the Hamburg and 
Corinth roads, and a short distance from the headquarters 



48 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

monmnent of General Hurlbiit. It was to this point whence tlie 
regiment was ordered by Greneral Grant at 3 p. m., April 6, 
1862, to advance and develop the enemy; and this is where, in 
the judgment of the Ohio Commission, the regiment did its 
most conspicuous service in the battle of Shiloh. After the 
foundation had been put in and the monument shipped to 
Pittsburg Landing two gentlemen who were formerly officers 
in this regiment objected to location and inscription and ap- 
pealed to the ITational Commission, demanding a change in 
both, which the National Commission "refused to grant, and 
unanimously sustained the Ohio Commission. They then ap- 
pealed to the Assistant Secretary of War, the appeal being made 
in person, and with the assistance of influential friends suc- 
ceeded in getting the War Department to order the site of the 
monument changed to the position occupied by Cobb's Confed- 
erate battery on Sunday, the first day of the battle. A change 
in the inscription was also ordered ; a protest against any change 
of location or inscription was filed by sixty-four surviving mem- 
bers of the regiment, but the influences brought to bear proved 
to be the greatest with the authorities at Washington. The 
claim made was that the regiment performed its most conspicu- 
ous service and did its hardest fighting on Monday, the second 
day of the battle ; they also claim the capture of Cobb's battery 
on Monday, when the facts are indisputable that this battery 
was captured on Sunday, the first day, by the 11th and 12th 
Illinois and the 11th Iowa, and a tablet now stands within a 
few feet of the site selected for the monument, which states that 
this battery was captured on Sunday. Captain Cobb, who com- 
manded the battery, says it was captured on Sunday, after hav- 
ing seventy-nine of his eighty-four horses killed, and their am- 
munition exhausted, and there was not a shot fired by this bat- 
tery in Monday's battle. The only official report on which this 
appeal was based is that of their Colonel, who all admit was 



81st Infantey. 49 

not with the regiment on Monday. As before stated, the regi- 
ment served under the command of Colonel C. C. Marsh of the 
20th Illinois, and was without field officers. In the second 
day's battle Colonel Fulton with a part of the 53d Ohio also 
served in this command. The report of Colonel Marsh is quite 
different from that of Colonel Morton of the 81st, and does not 
speak of the "hard fighting and capture of a battery" ; Colonel 
Fulton's report confirms that of Colonel Marsh. 

The Ohio Conunission considered the reports of these officers 
who were present with the regiment as more reliable than that 
of one who did not see it during the day. 

The regiment did its duty by obeying orders, and that is 
all the honor any organization can claim; and the majority of 
the survivors of the 81st do not claim more. 

This was the only difficulty of any moment had by the 
Ohio Commission with any organization, and a majority of the 
members of this regiment, especially all who have a clear and 
correct understanding of their services at Shiloh, approved the 
action of the Ohio Commission. 



50 Ohio at Shiloh. 



5th Cavalry^ 



T^HE 5tli Ohio Cavalry was recruited at Camp Dick Cor- 
•*• win, near Cincinnati, in August, 1861. On ]^ovember 5 
it was ordered to Camp Dennison, where it remained until 
February 26, 1862, when it was ordered to Paducah, Ken- 
tucky, reporting to General Shermtan, and from Paducah it 
went wp the Tennessee River with Sherman's Division. On 
the 14th of March it was transported to near Eastport, Missis- 
sippi, and six squadrons were disembarked to take part in the 
Yellow Creek expedition, and the 5th was the first National 
cavalry to enter the State of Mississippi. Retiring from the 
expedition, the first and second battalions were attached to 
Hurlbut's (4th) Division at Pittsburg Landing and the 3d Bat- 
talion to General Lew Wallace's (3d) Division at Crump's 
Landing. On account of the nature of the ground it was impos- 
sible to use cavalry on the Shiloh battlefield, and the first and 
second battalions were used to prevent straggling to the rear 
and as couriers for the 4th Di'sdsion. 

The splendid monument erected for these thi-ee battalions 
stands a short distance behind the location of the siege gims 
on the evening of April 6, 1862, and north of the Purdy and 
Savannah road. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"1st and 2d Battalions were in reserve, April 6, 1862, be- 
hind Hurlbut's Division, and furnished couriers and orderlies 
for the Division. 

"3d Battalion, commanded by Major Charles S. Hayes, was 
left on guard north of Snake Creek. 

"The regiment had present for duty, officers and men, 977. 
Its loss was 1 man killed : 6 wounded ; total 7." 



5th Ohio Independent Batteey. 51 



5th Ohio Independent Battery* 



T"^ HIS battery of light artillery was recruited by authority 
■^ of Major-General Fremont, then in oonunand in Missouri. 
Three weeks of active recruiting, principally in the counties of 
Hamilton, Wayne, Meropr and Jackson, filled the battery to a 
maximum of one hundred and seventy men, who had been for- 
warded to St. Louis as fast as enlisted. Some delay occurring 
in the receipt of commissions from General Fremont, whose au- 
thority to issue them was somewhat doubtful, the officers were 
at length commissioned by the Governor of Ohio, and on Sep- 
tember 22, 1861, the battery was organized. Before arma- 
ment, clothing or other essentials necessary could be procured, 
General Fremont and his force started on the march, which ter- 
minated at Springfield, with the removal of the General from 
command ; and on the 11th of October the company was ordered, 
to Jefferson City. A period of three months now elapsed, 
passed by the men in doing garrison duty, working on fortifica- 
tions and drilling with some old iron guns found at the post, 
and by Captain Hickenlooper in making vain efforts to procure 
guns and equipments. At last, on his personal application to 
the Governor of Ohio, a full battery with all necessary ad- 
juncts was furnished. It arrived January 17, 1862. The six 
pieces consisted of four six-pounder James rifles and two six- 
pound smooth bores. On March 7, 1862, the battery shipped on 
a steamer at Jefferson City and proceeded direct to Savannah, 
Tennessee, and thence to Pittsburg Landing, arriving there on 
the 19th. On the 5th of April it joined the command of Gen- 



62 Ohio at Shiloh. 

eral Prentiss (6th Division of the Army of the Tennessee), and 
camped about two and one-half miles from the river, and not 
far from Shiloh Church. On the following morning, April 6, 
1862, while the men were at breakfast, a section (two pieces) 
was ordered out by General Prentiss and as soon as possible was 
placed in position by the General in person, a few hundred 
yards in advance of the camp. Captain Hickenlooper, antici- 
pating an order to that effect, had the rest of the battery pre- 
pared, and in a few minutes joined the first section. The in- 
fantry support had been scarcely placed in position when the 
enemy appeared in force. The infantry support melted rapidly 
away and two pieces were unavoidably captured by the enemy. 
The others retired through the woods, slowly firing as they fell 
back and fighting for some time almost literally without sup- 
port. The battery was then ordered further back and took a 
position in the "Hornet's iN'est" and was actively engaged the 
rest of the day, falling back in time to save itself from capture 
with Prentiss's Division. In addition to the loss of many of 
its men, sixty-five horses were killed and all camp and garrison 
equipage lost. 

The monument erected to this battery is the only Ohio 
monument in the famous "Hornet's Nest" and stands at the 
crossing of an old road with the "Sunken road." 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument reads 
as follows : 

"This battery went into action at 7.30 a. m., April 6, 1862, 
in Spain field. At 9 a. m. it retired to this place with 4 guns 
and was hotly engaged until 4 p. m., when it retired with 3 
guns to McArthur's headquarters, where it was engaged in last 
encounter of the day. Its loss was 1 man killed ; 1 officer and 18 
men wounded; total 20. It had 2 guns captured and 1 dis- 
abled." 



8th Ohio Independent Battery. 53 



8th Ohio Independent Battery* 



T^HIS battery was recruited in the counties of Montgomery, 
■*■ Darke and Miami, and was organized at Camp Dennison, 
March 10, 1862. March 22d it moved under orders to Ben- 
ton Barracks near St. Louis, and on its arrival there reported to 
General Halleck, commanding at that post. Without going into 
quarters the battery was placed on transports and ordered to 
report to General Grant at Savannah on the Tennessee River. 
On March 28 it arrived at Savannah and without landing pro- 
ceeded up the river to Pittsburg Landing. It went into camp 
a short distance from the Landing, where it remained until the 
commencement of the battle, on April 6, 1862. This battery 
was unassigned and in the first day's battle took position near 
the river, in a position that commanded the gorge of Dill's 
Branch, and was engaged there on the evening of the 6th. In 
the official reports of the battle of Shiloh nothing is said about 
this battery except that it had three men wounded. It is now 
known that one man was killed. It was under the command 
of Captain Lewis MargrafF, and it is presumed, as his battery 
was unassigned, he made no official report. 

The monument for this battery stands near the mouth of 
Dill's Branch and bank of the Tennessee Eiver. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument is as follows : 

"This battery of 6 guns was in action here from 5.30 p. m. 
to 6.30 p. m., April 6, 1862. Its loss was 3 men wounded." 



54 Ohio at Shiloh. 



J 4th Ohio Independent Battery* 



THE 14th Ohio Light Artillery was mustered into the ser- 
vice at Cleveland, Ohio, on September 10, 1861. It was 
mainly recruited in the counties of Ashtabula, Lake, Trumbull 
and Geauga, under the authority of the Secretary of War, em- 
powering Hon. B. r. Wade and Hon. John Hutchins to raise 
•a regiment of cavalry and a battery of artillery. In its ranks 
were two hundred and forty-nine men aud ten commissioned 
officers. The battery reported for service at Camp Dennison 
on January 1, 1862. Ota the 5th of February, under orders, 
it left camp for Kansas. It reached St. Louis on the 9th of 
February and was ordered by General Halleck to remain there 
until further orders. On February 13, 1862, it was ordered to 
proceed to Paducah, where additioual instructions would be 
met. It was ordered to proceed Avithout further delay to the 
vicinity of Forts Henry and Donelson. It was attached to the 
command of General Hurlbut and marched with his Division 
from Paducah to Fort Henry, arriving there on the 6th of 
March. On the 7th it embarked with the army up the Ten- 
nessee River. On the 14th of March it arrived at Pittsburg 
Landing and was placed in position about three-quarters of a 
mile from the Landing, where it went into camp. On the 
5th of April it was transferred to the First Division under 
General McClernand and on the 6th participated in the battle 
of Shiloh. The battery, before 11 a. m. on Sunday, April 6, 
had every horse killed and the guns had to be abandoned. 

The monument for this battery stands south and near the 
Corinth road and near the Hamburg and Purdy road. 



14th Ohio Independent Batteky. 55 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument reads 
as follows : 

"This hattery of 6 guns went into action here at 9 a. m., 
April 6, 1862. Its loss was 4 men killed ; 1 officer and 25 men 
wounded, and 70 horses killed. At 11 a. m. it was obliged to 
retire, leaving its guns on the field." 



56 Ohio at Shiloh. 



ARMY OF THE OHIO. 



GENERAL D. C. BUELL, COMMANDING. 



J St Infantry ♦ 

' I "* HE 1st Regiment Ohio Infantry completed its organization 
■■■ for the three years' service in October, 1861, at Camp 
Corwin, near Dayton, Ohio. October 31st it left camp for 
Cincinnati, where it received its arms on the 4th of November, 
where it left for Louisville, going into Camp York, near that 
city. On the 8th of ^November it embarked for West Point at 
the mouth of the Salt River. On the 15th of November the 
regiment marched via Elizabethtown, reaching camp Union on 
the 16th, and reported to General A. M. McCook, then in com- 
mand of the 2d Division of the Army of the Ohio. On Decem- 
ber 19th it marched to Bacon Creek and then to Green River. 
It remained in camp at Green River from December 17 to 
February 14, 1862, during which time it was thoroughly drilled 
and pi-epared for the field. On the 14th orders were received 
for them to march to West Point, Kentucky, there to embark 
on transports and join the forces of General Grant, then moving 
on Fort Henry. Reaching Upton Station the regiment biv- 
ouacked in the snow until the morning of the 16th, when news 
was received of the fall of Fort Henry. They were then ordered 
back to Green River. On February 17 it began its march to 
Nashville, where it arrived on March 3, and went into camp five 



1st Infantry. 57 

miles out on the Franklin Turnpike. This march was made 
without tents, blankets, or shelter of any kind ; it rained, snowed 
and sleeted continually, and the men suffered severely. On 
the 16th of March it joined General Buell in his march for 
Savannah, where it arrived at 8 o'clock p. m., April 6, 1862, 
and was immediately ordered to Pittsburg Landing, where it 
participated in the second day's battle at Shiloh. 

The monument erected for this regiment stands four hun- 
dred feet north of the Corinth Road in the edge of the Duncan 
field. 

The following inscription is on the reverse side of the 
monument : 

''This regiment was engaged here about 10 a. m., April 7, 
1862. Its loss was 2 men killed; 2 officers and 45 men wound- 
ed; 1 man missing; total 50.'' 



58 Ohio at Shiloh. 



6th Infantry* 



THE nucleus of this regiment was an independent military 
organization in Cincinnati, known as the "Guthrie 
Grays," and was first organized as a regiment in April, 1861, 
for the three months' service, and was mustered into the service 
at Camp Harrison, Ohio, April 18, 1861. Shortly afterward it 
was transferred to Camp Dennison. Under the call for 300,- 
000 men the regiment was reorganized and mustered in June 
18, 1861, for three years, with an aggregate strength of one 
thousand and sixteen. Immediately after it was mustered and 
equipped it was ordered to West Virginia, arriving at Grafton 
on the 3d day of July, It reported for duty to Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Morris, then in command of that district. It participated 
in active service in the Virginias until November 19, 1861, 
when it wias ordered to join the Army of the Ohio at Louisville, 
Tinder General Buell.. In the organization of the Army of the 
Ohio the 6th was assigned to the 15th Brigade and in the 4th 
Division, in command of General ITelson. The Division 
marched tO' Camp Wickliffe, sixty miles south of Louisville, 
and went into a camp of instructions for the winter, where it 
remained until February 14, 1862, when it marched to West 
Point and embarked on transports with the intention of joining 
General Grant, who was at that time besieging Fort Donelson. 
The news of the surrender of Donelson reached them on the 
way. They then went up the Cumberland Kiver to J^ashville, 
and the 4th Division was the first of the Army of Ohio to reach 
that point, and the 6th Ohio was the first regiment to march 



6th Infantry. 59 

througli Nashville, and their regimental flag was the first 
National flag hoisted over the State House. While here the 6th 
was assigned to the 10th Brigade, Colonel Ammen, of the 24th 
Ohio, commanding. On the 17th of March the Army of the 
Ohio commenced their march to join General Grant at Savan- 
nah, Tennessee, the 4th Division taking the advance, arriving 
at Savannah on April 5, 1862. The next morning the battle of 
Shiloh opened at Pittsburg Landing, ten miles up the river, and 
the Division marched across the country on Sunday afternoon, 
arriving opposite Pittsburg Landing in the evening. The 6th 
with the 36th Indiana crossed the river in time to participate 
in the close of the first day's battle. On Monday morning, 
April 7, 1862, they were moved out to the left, supporting 
Terrill's United States Battery. 

The monument to this regiment stands four hundred feet 
east of Bloody Pond. 

The following inscription appears on the reverse side of the 
monument : 

"This regiment advanced to this point Monday, A}3ril 7, 
1862, where it was engaged at 10 a. m., supporting Terrill's 
, U. S. Battery. Its loss was 2 men killed; 5 woimded; 2 
♦ missing; total 9." 



60 Ohio at Shiloh. 



13th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized at Camp Jackson, Columbus, 
Ohio, in the spring of 1861. It was transferred to Camp 
Dennison on M^aj 9, where it was drilled until the Yth of June, 
when it was ordered to West Virginia to reinforce General Mc- 
Clellan, then operating in that region, where the regiment saw 
active service until the Confederates were driven out of West 
Virginia. The principal portion of the troops were then trans- 
ferred to Jeffersonville, Indiana, the 13th going into camp near 
that place, opposite Louisville. On the 11th of December it 
received orders to join Buell and went into camp at Bacon 
Creek, where it remained until February 10, 1862, when it re- 
ceived orders to advance on Bowling Green, where it arrived 
on the 15th of February to find it had been evacuated. On the 
2 2d the regiment was ordered to ^Nashville, arriving there on 
the 26th. March 10 the regiment was detached from Mitchell's 
Division and ordered to report to General Crittenden. On the 
19th Companies A land G were detached to assist in the repairs 
of bridges on the Alabama and Tennessee Hivers, and on the 
2d of April the remainder of the regiment, under command 
of Lieutenant-Colonel Hawkins joined the columns on the 
march to join General Grant. The regiment, after a terrible 
march endured in common with other troops, reached the town 
of Savannah, Tennessee, on the morning of the 6th of April. It 
was at once forwarded to the Shiloh battlefield, and with the 
5th Division formed the right of [N'elson's command in the sec- 
ond day's battle. During the battle they faced the famous 



13th Infantky. 61 

Washington Battery of New Orleans, which after a severe 
struggle thej succeeded in capturing entire, but as the enemy 
was largely reinformed they were unable to hold it. Later in 
the day they again faced this battery, which they charged and 
again captured, this time being successful in holding it. 

The monument for the 13 th stands on the edge of a ridge and 
six hundred feet in rear of where the 5th Ohio Battery was 
located the first day in the Hornet's ISTest. 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument is as 
follows ; 

"This regiment bivouacked Sunday night in front of the 
siege guns. It advanced Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and 
became engaged here about 10.30 a. m. Its loss was 11 men 
killed; 4 officers and 44 men wounded; 7 men missing; total 



62 Ohio at Siiiloh. 



J 5th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized in the spring of 1861 and 
entered the service for three months under the President's 
call for 75,000 men. They saw active service in West Vir- 
ginia and were mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, about August 
1, 1861. The call for three hundred thousand men for three 
years having been issued, they almost unanimously reenlisted, 
and were reorganized at Camp Bartly, near Mansfield, Ohio, 
and left for Camp Dennison on September 26, 1861, where 
they were equipped and armed and on October 4th left for 
Lexington, Kentucky. From Lexington they were sent to Camp 
ISTevin, near Kaolin's Station, Kentucky, and were assigned to 
the 6th Brigade, 2d Division, under the command of General 
A. D. McCook, Army of the Ohio, then commanded by General 
W. T. Sherman and lat/er by General Buell. They were, on 
February 14, 1862, ordered to Fort Donelson, but receiving 
intelligence of its capture, the Division was marched to Bowling 
Green. On the 27th of February they were ordered to Nash- 
ville, which they reached on March 2. On the 16th of March 
they left with the Army of the Ohio to join General Grant at 
Savannah, Tennessee, which they reached on the evening of 
April 6. On the morning of the 7th they embarked for the bat- 
tlefield of Shiloh, which they reached about noon, and were en- 
gaged from that hour until the close of the battle, about 4 p. m. 
The monument for the 15th is located in the angle of the 
Corinth and Purdy Koad. 



15th Infantry. ' 63 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument is as 
follows : 

"This regiment arrived upon the field at 11 a. m., April 
7, 1862, and became engaged here about noon. It advanced 
fighting to Sherman's headquarters at 3 p. m. Its loss was 7 
men killed; 1 officer and 65 men woimded; 2 men missing; 
total 75." 



64 Ohio at Shiloh. 



J 9th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized for three years' service, Sep- 
tember 26, 1861, was armed and equipped at Camp Den- 
nison, which it left on l^ov ember 16 for Louisville, and was the 
first regiment to go into Camp Jenkins five miles from the city. 
Here it remained with General O. M. Mitchell until Decem- 
ber 6, when it moved to Lebanon, Kentucky. The regiment 
went to Columbia December 10, where it was assigned to the 
11th Brigade under General J. T. Boyle, The regiment, after 
marching to various points finally arrived at Nashville, on 
March 10, 1862, and went into camp on the Murfreesboro Road. 
On March 18 the regiment with its brigade left ITashville for 
Savannah, Tennessee, and on Sunday, April 6, it was within 
fourteen miles of that place. The heavy boom of cannon was 
heard coming from Pittsburg Landing and the men struck into 
a double quick, hoping to reach the field in time to take part in 
the conflict. It was dark before the regiment was placed on a 
boat that was to take it to Pittsburg Landing. The regiment 
bivouacked on the battlefield, and on Monday morning, April 
Y, 1862, it moved forward and became engaged about 10 a. m., 
and held their position against the furious assaults of the 
enemy. 

The lOth's monument stands about three hundred yards 
south of Corinth road, near and east of Duncan field, in angle 
between East Corinth and Corinth roads. 

The inscription on the reverse of the monument is as 
follows : 



19th Infantry. 65 

"This regiment arrived on the field about midnight; Mon- 
day morning, April 7, 1862, it advanced to this position, where 
it was engaged about 10 a. m. Its loss was 1 officer (Major T. 
D, Edwards) and 3 men killed; 1 officer and 43 men wounded; 
7 men missing; total 55." 



66 Ohio at Siiiloh. 



24th Infantry* 



THE 24tli Ohio was organized at Camp Chase, near Colum- 
bus, in June, 1861. Two companies came from Huron 
county, one from Muskingum, one from Sandusky and Colum- 
biana counties, one from Adams county, one from Dayton, one 
from Highland county, one from Cleveland, and one from Co- 
shocton county. The regiment left Camp Chase for the field 
July 26, 1861, going to West Virginia, where it saw active and 
hard service until November 18, when it was ordered to Louis- 
ville and arrived there on the 28th and was assigneci to the 
10th Brigade, 4th Division, Army of the Ohio. O'n February 
25, 1862, it reached E^ashville, Tennessee, and remained there 
in camp until March lY, when it took up the line of March for 
Savannah and Pittsburg Landing. When the 4:th Division ar 
rived at Duck River, General ISTelson ordered them to wade th<' 
stream, which they did, and took the advance of Buell's army, 
reaching Savannah on Saturday, April 5, 1862. On Sunday 
morning the heavy firing at Pittsburg Landing gave notice that 
the battle of Shiloh was on, and there being no boats to trans- 
port the troops up the river, at one o'clock p. m. the 10th 
Brigade (to which the 24th belonged) started to march through 
the swamps on the east side of the river, and after a hard march 
arrived opposite Pittsburg Land/ng and were ferried across in 
time to take part in the close of the first day's battle. The regi- 
ment was engaged in the battle on Monday and added new 
laurels to its former excellent reputation. 



24th Infantey. 67 

I 

The 24th's monmnent stands six hundred feet east of | 

Bloody Pond. ^ 

The following inscription appears on the reverse of the 'i 

monument : 

"This regiment advanced to this point Monday, April 7, | 

1862, where it went into action about 10 a. m. Its loss was 5 J 

men killed; 5 officers and 60 men wounded; 6 men missing; \ 

total 76." \ 



68 Ohio at Shiloh. 



4 J St Infantry* 



THE 41st regiment was recruited in northern Ohio and was 
mustered into service October 31, 1861. Capt. Wm. B. 
Hazen, 8th United States Infantry, was appointed Colonel. On 
the 6th of November they were moved to Camp Dennison, where 
they were supplied with arms and equipments. After a week at 
Camp Dennison the regiment was ordered to Oallipolis. A 
few raiding excursions from this point into Virginia was the 
only relief from daily drills, and in the latter part of the month 
they were ordered to Louisville and reported to General Buell, 
who was then organizing the Army of the Ohio. The 41st was 
a part of the 15th Brigade, ISTelson's Division, and during the 
winter remained at, Camp Wickliife, Kentucky. Here the 41st 
was made the nucleus of a new brigade (the 19th) and Colonel 
Hazen placed in command. The regiment with its brigade was 
ordered to go to K'ashville, where it arrived February 27, 1862. 
About the middle of March the regiment moved with the army 
to Savannah on the Tennessee River, arriving within two miles 
of that point Saturday preceding the battle of Shiloh. Heavy 
firing was heard on the morning of the 6th of April, and at one 
o'clock p. m., after being supplied with rations and ammuni- 
tion, the regiment moved for Pittsburg Landing, one company 
(G) being left as camp guard. The regiment did not arrive 
in time to participate in the first day's battle, but bivouacked 
on the field Sunday night, and at daylight moved forward in 
its first engagement. The 41st was on the right of ITelson's 
Division, and when the Confederates were discovered to be ad- 



4:1st Infantry. 69 

vancing Hazen's Brigade was ordered to charge. The 41st was 
placed in the front line and advanced steadily through a dense 
thicket of undergrowth and, emerging into open ground, was 
met bj a murderous fire. The line still advanced, checking 
the approaching enemy, and drove them back and captured 
their guns. The brigade in turn was driven back to its original 
line, where it reformed without difficulty. The 41st sustained 
the heaviest loss on Monday of any regiment in Buell's army. 

The monument for this regiment stands in Wickes' field two 
hundred yards from south side and fifty yards from west side. 

The following inscription appears on the reverse of the 
monument : 

"This regiment advanced to this point Monday morning, 
April 7, 1862, where it became engaged at 10 a. m. It had 
present 18 officers and 355 men. Its loss was 1 officer and 20 
men killed; 6 officers and 105 men wounded; 1 man missing; 
total 133." 



70 Ohio at Siiiloh. 



49th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized at Tiffin, Ohio, under special 
authority from the Secretary of War. It started from 
Camp Noble, near Tiffin, to Camp Dennison on September 10, 
1861, received its equipment on the 21st of September^ and 
moved to Louisville, where it arrived the next day and re- 
ported to Brigadier-Greneral Robert Anderson, who had just 
assumed command at that place. It was the first organized regi- 
ment to enter Kentucky. The reception of this regiment in 
Louisville was cordial in the extreme. It was known outside 
of military headquarters that the regiment was on its way from 
Ohio. As the two boats, lashed together, neared the wharf, 
the regimental band performed national airs, and as the regi- 
ment landed the people of the city received it with enthusiasm, 
formed in its rear and marched with it through the principal 
streets to the headquarters of Oeneral Anderson. The General 
appeared on the balcony of the hotel and welcomed them with 
a short address, to which Colonel William H. Gibson, its first 
commander, eloquently responded. In the evening the regiment 
took the cars for Lebanon Junction, with orders to report to 
General W. T. Sherman, who was at that point in command of 
Rousseau's Louisville Legion and Home Guards. The next 
morning it crossed Rolling Fork, wading the river, and marched 
to Elizabethtown, going into camp on Muldraugh's Hill. Ly- 
ing in this place until the 10th of October it then moved to 
N^olin Creek and went into Camp ISTevin. In the subsequent 
organization of the 2d Division of the Army of the Ohio, the 



49th Infantby. 71 

49th was assigned to the 6th Brigade, General R. W. Johnson, 
oonunanding. On the 10th of December this Division moved 
to Munfordsville on Green River, and drove the enemy to the 
opposite side of the river and established Camp Wood, named 
in honor of Hon. George Wood, member of the Kentucky Mili- 
tary Board, who lived in Munfordsville. On the lYth of De- 
cember the National pickets from the 32d Indiana, on the south 
side of the river, were attacked by Hindman's Arkansas Brigade 
and Terry's Texas Rangers. In sending troops to the relief of 
the pickets the 49th was the first to cross the river, followed by 
the 39th Indiana. The enemy was met and repulsed. Colonel 
Terry, one of the Confederate commanders being killed. From 
the 17th of December to February 14, 1862, the regiment lay in 
camp perfecting itself in drill and discipline. On February 
14, 1862, it left camp and moved to Bowling Green, and thence 
toward Nashville, where it arrived on March 3d and established 
Camp Andrew Johnson, On the 16th of March it moved with 
Buell's army to join Grant's forces at Pittsburg Landing, ar- 
riving there on April 6, 1862. The 49th went into the battle 
of Shiloh at 11 o'clock April 7, under command of Lieutenant- 
Colonel A. M. Blackman, the brigade being under command of 
Colonel Gibson. The position of the regiment was on the left 
of the brigade, connecting on the right with Crittenden's Divi- 
sion. During the battle the regiment twice performed the haz- 
ardous movement of changing front under fire. 

The monument for the 49th stands thirty feet from the 
Purdy road near northwest corner of the Review field. 

The following inscription appears on the reverse of the mon- 
ument : 

"This regiment arrived on the field at 11 a. m., April 7, 
1862. It became engaged here about noon and fought its way 
forward about eighty yards where the battle ended at 3 p. m. 
Its loss was 6 men killed; 34 wounded; total 40." 



72 Ohio at Shiloh. 



59th Infantry* 



THIS regiment was organized at Camp Amman, in Ripley, 
Ohio, Olctober 1, 1861, and on that day was taken by 
steamer to Maysville, Kentucky, for the purpose of quelling an 
anticipated outbreak in that place caused by the arrest of a 
number of prominent Southern sympathizers. After the trouble 
was over the regiment went into Camp Kenton, a short distance 
in the rear of Maysville. On the 23d the regiment moved from 
Camp Kenton, with other troops, under General William ISTel- 
son, on a campaign to Eastern Kentucky, passing through Mt. 
Sterling, Hazel Green and Prestonburg to Ivy Mountain, where 
the enemy was met and defeated. Pursuit was made as far as 
Piketon, where the 59th went into camp. After the lapse of a 
week it was compelled by lack of rations to return to Louisa, 
Kentucky, where it took steamer for Louisville. At that place 
it joined the forces of General Buell, who was then organizing 
the Army of the Ohio. On December 11th the regiment left 
Louisville, arrived at Columbia, Kentucky, on the 13th and 
reported to General Boyle, commanding at that place. It re- 
mained here in winter quarters until February 13, 1862. On 
February 25 it joined the main army at Bowling Green and 
marched with it to liashville, which it reached March 8, and 
went into Camp Andrew Johnson, three miles from the city 
on the Murfreesboro turnpike. Here it was brigaded with 
the 5th Division, General Thomas L. Crittenden commanding. 
On the 18th the regiment left !N"ashville with General Buell's 
forces for Pittsburg Landing, passing through Columbia and 



59th Infantry. 73 

fording Duck River on the night of the 30th, arriving at Savan- 
nah, Tennessee, on April 6, at 8 p. m. At 10 o'clock it was 
placed on the steamer John J. Roe, and at 12 was in line on the 
battlefield. April 7, the second day of the battle, the regiment 
was engaged with the enemy during the whole day. 

The monument for this regiment stands near the eastern 
Corinth road, where it supported Battery G, 1st Ohio Artillery. 

The inscription on the reverse side of the monument is as 
follows : 

"This regiment formed here in support of Bartlett's Battery 
at 10 a. m., April 7, 1862, and held the position until about 
12 m., when it advanced to the left and front, and was engaged 
near Hamburg Road, where the greatest loss occurred. Its loss 
was 6 men killed; 51 wounded; total 57." 



74 Ohio at Shiloh. 



64th Infantry^ 



THIS regiment was organized and recruited at Mansfield, 
Ohio, and went into Camp Buckingliam, Mansfield, No- 
vember 9, 1861. About the middle of December it moved by 
rail to Cincinnati, thence by steamer to Louisville. It moved 
from Louisville December 26 and marched to Bardstown, Ken- 
tucky. It was brigaded there and moved to Danville and Hall's 
Ga:p. Here the regiment engaged in building corduroy roads to 
facilitate the movement of supplies to General Thomas's forces 
at Somerset, Kentucky. The battle of Mill Springs having 
been won, the 64th was ordered up to Bowling Green and 
reached Munfordsville, joined the National forces, and marched 
with them to Nashville. At Nashville one week it moved with 
General T. J. Wood's Division for Savannah, Tennessee, by 
way of Columbia. It reached Savannah at 9 o'clock on the 
morning of April 7, and taking steamer arrived on the battle- 
field of Shiloh at 2 p. m. It moved with its brigade, command- 
ed by General Garfield, on the double quick for the scene of the 
conflict, but the brunt of the battle was over and the regiment 
was not engaged. 

The monument erected for this regiment stands behind the 
position occupied by the siege guns on the evening of April 
6, 1862, on the north side of the Purdy and Savannah road. 

The following inscription appears on the reverse side of the 
monument : 

"This regiment arrived on the field >at. 2 p. m., April 7, 
1862, too late to be engaged." 



65th Infantry. 75 



65th Infantry* 



'T'HIS was one of the regimients included in the brigade raised 
■» at Mansfield, Ohio, by Hon. John Sherman. It was or- 
ganized at Camp Buckingham, near Mansfield, on October 3, 
1861, and was mustered into service on the 1st of December. 
The regiment left Mansfield for active duty on the 18th of De- 
cember and moved by way of Cincinnati to Louisville, where it 
remained for a week and then marched to Camp Morton, four 
miles east of Bardstown, arriving on the 30th of December. The 
65th was assigned to a brigade composed of the 64th and 65th 
Ohio, the 51st Indiana and 9th Kentucky. Colonel Harker of 
the 65th commanded the brigade, and General Wood the divi- 
sion. On January 13, 1862, the brigade broke camp, passing 
through Bardstown, Springfield, Lebanon, Haysville, Danville 
and Stanford, Kentucky, arriving at Hall's Gap on the 24th. 
Here the regiment was ordered to corduroy the roads. The la- 
bor was severe, the country being swampy ; and the miasma en- 
gendered disease to such a degree that many of the men died. 
On the, 7th of February the regiment marched to Lebanon, and 
on the 12th embarked on cars for Green River. It arrived at 
Camp Wood, near Munfordsville, on the 13th, where it re- 
mained until the 23d, when it crossed Green Blver, and passing 
Bowling Green, Franklin, Tyree Springs, and Goodlettsville, 
arrived at ISTashville on the 13th of March and went into camp 
two and one-half miles southeast of the city. On this march 
the troops were forced at times to march through woods and by- 
roads, as the enemy had destroyed the turnpikes in places. The 



76 Ohio at Shiloh. 

men were compelled frequently to transport the contents of the 
baggage wagons on their backs over steep hills, and in one in- 
stance, after marching three days, they had advanced only twelve 
miles. On the 29th of March the regiment, with General Gar- 
field in command of the brigade, marched by the way of Co- 
' lumbia to Savannah, where it arrived on the 7th of April and 
was moved by steamer to Pittsburg Landing, where it arrived at 
1.30 p. m., on the second day's battle, too late to be engaged. 

The monument erected for this regiment stands behind the 
location of the siege guns on the Purdy and Savannah road. 

The following is the inscription on the reverse side of the 
monument : 

"This regiment arrived on the field at 1.30 p. m., April 7, 
1862, advanced to the front, near Shiloh Church, between 3 and 
4 p. m., too late to be engaged." 



Batteby G, 1st Light Aktilleky. 77 



Battery G^ Jst Light Artillery ♦ 



THIS battery was recruited by Captain Joseph Bartlett at 
Cleveland and Painesville in November and December, 
1861. It was organized and mustered into service at Camp 
Dennison, Ohio, December 17. On January 1, 1862, it was 
equipped with horses and guns and was then drilled in field 
work and target practice until February 10, when it marched 
to Cincinnati and embarked on steamboat for Louisville, where 
it arrived on the 11th and went into Camp Jesse D. Bright at 
Jeffersonville, Indiana, and remained there, drilling and pre- 
paring for the field, until the 27th, when it moved with six days' 
supplies on steamer for Nashville, arriving there on the evening 
of March 4, and went into Camp Johnson on the Charlotte pike. 
On the 11th it Avas ordered with Captain Mendenhall's regular 
battery to report to General Crittenden, commanding the 5th 
revision. It moved with the column on the Franklin pike for 
Pittsburg Landing. On Sunday morning, April 6, when fifteen 
miles from Savannah, heavy firing at Pittsburg Landing was 
heard and by hard and rapid marching over bad roads it reached 
Savannah at 8 p. m., where it embarked for the battlefield, 
reaching there at 1 a. m., on Monday, April 7, and disembarked 
and took position in line of battle, supported by Boyle's Brigade 
of Crittenden's Division, and was engaged in the second day's 
battle. This battery was the only volunteer battery of Buell's 
army that was engaged at Shiloh. 

The monument for this battery stands on the west side of 
east Corinth road, and eight hundred feet from main Corinth 
road. 



78 Ohio at Skiloh. 

The inscription on the rear of the monument reads as 
follows : 

"This battery of 6 guns went into action here at 10 a. m., 
April 7, 1862, and was engaged two honrs, when it retired for 
ammunition. Its loss was 2 men wounded." 



Battery A. 79 



Battery A* 



Battery A, under Captain W. S. Groodspeed, was musitered 
into the service on the 25th of September, 1861. It left im- 
mediately thereafter for Louisville, Kentucky, receiving its equip- 
ment while on the march at Cincinnati. It was the first Ohio 
battery to report in that department. On 0.ctober 2.2, it left, 
under orders, for Camp Nevin, Kentucky, and reported to Gen- 
eral A.M. MeCook. With McCook's command it moved to Green 
Eiver; thence to Louisville, Kentucky, and by river to Nashville, 
Tenneisisee. From ISTashville it marched to Pittsburg Landing, 
and amved on that field at the close of the action. 

The monument erected for this Battery stands behind the 
position occupied by the siege guns . 

The following inscription is om the reverse side of the monu- 
ment: 

This Battery arrived on the field about 2 p . m . , April 7, 
1862, too late to be engaged, 



THE following description of the Battle of Shiloh, by Major 
D. W. Reed, Historian of the National Shiloh Commission, 
is her© given for the first time in print. It has been compiled 
by Major Reed after many years of study and research in dis- 
entangling the threads of woven misrepresentation and error, 
the product of prejudiced pens whose only source of information 
has been the statements of the cowardly rabble which is always 
to be found far in the rear of all great battles. 

Major Reed's description will be found wholly impartial, 
stating facts as they existed, having gleaned his information 
from reliable official reports and a careful and scientific study 
of the battlefield. 



SHILOH. 



PRELIMINABY. 

THE battle of Shiloh has been, as General Grant says, "more 
persistently misunderstood than any other battle of the 
war." 

This misunderstanding is not confined to either side. It is 
as common among Confederate soldiers as among Union sol- 
diers, and exists equally among the people of the North and 
people of the South, and is to be accounted for by the false and 
inaccurate reports of the battle which were first given to the 
public. 

The earliest account of the battle to reach the people of the 
ISTorth was written by a correspondent for the Cincinnati Ga- 
zette, who was not upon the field on Sunday and must have 
obtained whatever information he had on the subject from strag- 
glers far in the rear of the army. 

He had, however, followed the maxim of many newspaper 
correspondents then as well as now, "Anything to be first," 
and seizing upon the wild rumors always floating rearward from 
the line of battle, he embellished with drafts from his over- 
wrought imagination in order to make it sufficiently sensational, 
and sent it to his paper labeled "A truthful account by an eye- 
witness" with underscored head lines, which under the present 
forms should have been printed in red. 

This account being the first to reach the public was eagerly 
read and accepted as true, and has been incorporated by some 



80 Ohio at Shiloh. 

of the would-be historians into their books and papers without 
an inquiry as to the truth or falsitj of the report. As a result 
we still read articles which reproduce the startling headlines of 
that newspaper announcing "The great surprise at Shiloh"; 
"The camp of a whole division captured at daylight while the 
men were asleep in their tents" ; "Officers bayoneted in their 
beds," etc. These articles quite frequently assume or assert 
that these statements are truei and proceeds to moralize on the 
battle of Shiloh from that standpoint. 

Whatever excuse the first correspondent may have had for 
his sensational report, there has been no possible reason for 
any one to continue to quote his misstatements since the official 
reports of the battle have been published and are accessible to 
any one caring to know the truth. 

These official reports from Union and Confederate officers 
agree that the first shots of the battle of Shiloh were fired at 
4.55 a. m., Sunday morning, in an engagement between pickets 
of Hardee's Corps and a reconnoitering party sent out by 
General Prentiss, and they also show that this picket firing was 
at a point more than one mile in advance of the Union camps ; 
that from that point the Confederate advance was stubbornly re- 
sisted for fully four hours before a camp was captured; that 
over one thousand Union soldiers and at least an equal number 
of Confederates were killed or wounded far in front of the line 
of camps. 

While this fierce conflict was in progress all the troops upon 
the field had gotten into line, and it is absurd to claim that any 
soldier remained asleep in his tent, or unprepared for battle, 
until nine o'clock in the morning while heavy batteries of ar- 
tillery and twenty thousand infantry were engaged for four 
hours in a fierce conflict in front of his camp. 

Doubtless an earnest effort by those in authority might 
have corrected many errors in regard to Shiloh at the time, 



Shiloh. 81 

but there seems to have been a willingness to let the reports 
stand as a reflection upon the Army of the Tennessee, and as an 
excuse for placing its commander in retirement without the 
privilege of even reviewing the reports of the battle he had 
fought and won. 

On the Confederate side, also, disagreements existed. Their 
first newspaper reports were as unreliable and their official 
reports show like evidences of misunderstanding and jealousy. 
General Johnston was killed on the field. His version of the 
plan of the battle and his purposes could only be given by the 
members of his staff, who at once claimed that the battle would 
have been won if it had been pushed upon the plan which Gen- 
eral Johnston had announced and which was well inaugurated 
when he was killed. 

General Beauregard, in his report, enters upon a defence of 
his management of the battle after General Johnston fell. Sub- 
ordinates take sides for and against their chiefs with such 
earnestness that some of the reports take the form of personal 
controversies which tend to a confused rather than a perfect un- 
derstanding of the battle. 

These differences of opinions and misunderstandings havOj 
been freely discussed on the platform and in the public press 
until it may seem that the subject is without further interest. 
Upon careful investigation, however, it appears that much 
that has been said and written on the subject has been from a 
purely personal standpoint in order to defend a favorite com- 
mander, or to show the part taken by some particular regiment. 
It also appears that there has been little or no effort made to 
show the movements of both armies so as to illustrate the battle 
in detail. Our purpose shall be to give the facts which are to 
be gathered from the official reports of both armies and with- 
out discussing the "ifs" or "might have beens" to present the 
record as we find it and to leave the student of history to draw 



82 Ohio at Shiloh. 

his own conclusions and make his own speculations upon any 
hypothesis that may suggest itself to his fertile brain. 

In order to fairly present these official reports and to show 
their connection, months have been spent in their careful study 
and comparison, in connection with the accurate topographical 
maps prepared by the Shiloh E'ational Military Park Commis- 
sion, as well as in actual tests and measurements upon the field, 
where each movement has been followed and verified until all 
have been made to harmonize. These investigations demon- 
strate the fact that many criticisms upon the battle of Shiloh 
would never have been made had the critic first visited the field 
and noted its topography. It is also found that apparent con- 
flicts in the reports are often explained when they are examined 
on the ground. In many cases officers occupying adjacent po- 
sitions upon the same line at the same time have each claimed 
that they were alone, unsupported upon the right and left. 
Survivors of the battle when examining the maps have ob- 
jected to the continuous lines of battle shown thereon at certain 
points where they thought their commands were fighting alone. 
These differences can usually be explained by the presence of 
some natural obstruction on the field which would prevent 
persons at one position from seeing those who occupied the 
other. 

Upon one point at least there seems to be no controversy. 
Up to that time Shiloh was the most important battle of the 
war. 1^0 such numbers of men had met upon any other field. 
iN'o such important results had been pending. Its losses, on 
both sides, compared with the numbers engaged show it to have 
been one of the most if not the most sanguinary battles of the 
war. The best blood of the ISTorth and South was freely shed, as 
testified by over twenty thousand killed and wounded on that 
fiercely-contested field, yet with results so evenly balanced that 
either side could and did claim a victory. 



Field of Operations. 83 



Field of Operations^ 



ON the 1st day of January, 1862, General Albert Sidney 
Johnston was in command of all the Confederate forces of 
Tennessee and Kentucky. His troops occupied a line of defense 
extending from Columbus, Kentucky, through Forts Henry 
and Donelson to Bowling Green, Kentucky, where General 
Johnston had his headquarters. 

General H. W. Halleck at that date commanded the De- 
partment of the Missouri, with headquarters at St. Louis, and 
General D. C. Buell commanded the Department of the Ohio, 
with headquarters at Louisville, Kentucky. The Cumberland 
River formed the boundary separating the Departments of the 
Missouri and the Ohio. 

Various plans had been canvassed by Generals Halleck and 
Buell, participated in by the General-in-Chief, for an attack 
upon the Confederate line. General Halleck had asked to have 
General Buell's army transferred to him, or at least placed 
under his command, claiming that without such union, and an 
army of at least sixty thousand men under one commander, it 
would be impossible to break the well-established lines of Gen- 
eral Johnston.^ 

Before such union could be effected, and before General 
Halleck had received a reply to his request. General Grant 
asked for and received permission to attack the line at Fort 
Henry on the Tennessee River.^ Assisted by the gunboat fleet 



1 No. 8 War Records, pp. 508-510. 

2 1 Grant, p. 287. 



84 Ohio at Shiloh. 

of Commodore Foote, Grant captured Fort Henry on the 6th 
of February and then moving upon Fort Donelson captured 
that place with fifteen thousand prisoners on the sixteenth. 
The loss of these forts broke General Johnston's line at its cen- 
ter and compelled him to evacuate Columbus and Bowling 
Green, abandon Tennessee and Kentucky to the Union Army, 
and seek a new line of Confederate defense on the Memphis 
and Charleston Railroad. 

On the Union side, the success of Grant caused great en- 
thxisiasm and general rejoicing throughout the ISTorth. General 
Halleck alone seemed displeased. His predictions had been 
proven unreliable. The Confederate line had been broken with 
less than half the force he had said was required, and his plan 
for enlarged command was in danger. He was particularly 
displeased because Grant sent a division of troops into Buell's 
department at Clarksville.^ This displeasure was increased 
when he learned that General Grant had been to ISTashville and 
in consultation with General Buell. In these incidents General 
Halleck saw that there was danger that the troops of Generals 
Grant and Buell might be united in the Department of Ohio 
and he lose Grant's army, instead of gaining Buell's as he had 
hoped to do. He therefore directed the withdrawal of Smith's 
division from Clarksville, suspended General Grant from com- 
mand, and ordered him to Fort Henry to await orders.'* He 
then placed General C. F. Smith in command of all the troops 
with orders to proceed up the Tennessee River and to make an 
eflfort to break the Confederate line on the Memphis and 
Charleston Railroad at some place near Florence.^ 

General Smith's advance reached Savannah, Tennessee, 
March 12, 1862. Having determined to make that point his 



8 Halleck's telegram to Cullum, March 1, 1862. 

* 11 War Records, p. 3. 

6 7 War Records, p. 674; 11 War Records, p. 6 



Field of Operations. 85 

l>ase of operations he landed the troops that accompanied his 
advance and sent boats back for supplies 'and the remainder of 
his army. 

General W. T. Sherman had organized a division of new 
troops while he was in command at Paducah. With these he 
was ordered to report to General Smith. He reached Savan- 
nah on the 14th of March and was ordered by General Smith 
to proceed up the river to some point near Eastport and from 
there make an attempt to break the Memphis and Charleston 
Railroad in the vicinity of Burnsville, Mississippi.^ 

Previous to this time a gunboat fleet had passed up the 
Tennessee River as far as Florence. At Pittsburg Landing 
this fleet encountered a small force of Confederates, consisting 
of the 18th Louisiana Infantry, Ketchum's Battery of Artillery, 
and some cavalry. The gunboats shelled the position and drove 
away the Confederates. One of the shells, by bursting in and 
setting fire to one of the three buildings on the Landing, had 
destroyed one-third of the town. The fleet proceeded up the 
river to Florence, and, on its return, landed a small party at 
Pittsburg to investigate. This party found a dismounted 
thirty-two pounder gun on the river bluff and, about one mile 
out, a hospital containing several Confederate soldiers who 
had been wounded a few days before in the engagement with 
the fleet. ISTear the hospital a Confederate picket post stopped 
their advance and the party returned to the boats. 

In the report made by the officer in command of this naval 
expedition is found the first mention of Pittsburg Landing, 
that little hamlet on the Tennessee River, so soon to become 
historic. 

When General Sherman's command was passing Pittsburg 
Lieutenant Quinn of the United States Gunboat Tyler, pointed 



« 10 War Records, p. 22. 



86 Ohio at Shiloh. 

out to General Sherman the position that had been occupied by 
the Confederate battery and informed him that there was a good 
road from that point to Corinth ; that it was, in fact, the land- 
ing-place for all goods shipped by river to and from Corinth. 
General Sherman at once reported these facta to General Smith 
and asked that the place be occupied in force while the demon- 
stration was being made against Burnsville. In compliance 
with this request General Hurlbut's division was at once dis- 
patched by boats to Pittsburg Landing. 

General Sherman proceeded up the river and landed his 
division at the mouth of Yellow Creek, a few miles below 
Eastport, and made an attempt to march to Burnsville. Heavy 
rains and high water compelled his return to the boats. Find- 
ing no other accessible landing-place he dropped down to 
Pittsburg Landing, where he found Hurlbut's Division on boats. 

Sherman reported to General Smith that Eastport was occu- 
pied in force by the Confederates and that Pittsburg was the 
first point below Eastport that was above water, so that a land- 
ing of troops could be made. He was directed to disembark 
his division and Hurlbut's and put them in camp far enough 
back to afford room for the other divisions of the army to en- 
camp near the river. 

On the 16th of March Sherman landed a part of his division 
and, accompanied by Colonel McPherson, of General Halleck's 
staff, marched out as far as Monterey, eleven miles, dispersing 
a Confederate cavalry camp. Returning to the river he spent 
two days in disembarking his troops and selecting camps, and 
on the 19th moved out and put his troops into the positions 
to which he had assigned them, about two and a half miles 
from the landing. 

Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee River, 
eight miles above Savannah, was at that time simply a landing- 
place for steamboats trading along the river. Its high bluff, 



Field of Operations. 87 

at least eighty feet above the water at its highest flood, afforded 
a safe place for the deposits of products unloaded from or to 
be loaded upon the boats, rrom this landing a good ridge road 
ran southwesterly to Corinth, Mississippi, twenty-two miles 
away. One mile out from the river the Oorinth road crossed 
another road running north and south parallel with the river 
and connecting Savannah below with Hamburg, four miles 
above Pittsburg. One quarter of a mile beyond this crossing 
the Corinth road forked, the part known as Eastern Corinth 
road nmning nearly south until it intersected the Bark road, 
three miles from the river. The other or main road, running 
due west from the fork, crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road 
two miles from the river and then turning southwest passed 
Shiloh Church just two and one-half miles from the river. At 
a point five miles out this main road intersected the Bark road 
at the southwest corner of what is now the Shiloh I^ational Mili- 
tary Park. The said Bark road, running nearly due east to 
Hamburg, forms the southern boundary of said park. 

On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, 
which has its rise near Monterey and empties into the Tennessee 
-about two miles above Pittsburg, ^orth of the main Corinth 
road and at an average of about one mile from it is Owl Creek, 
which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the 
point where Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties 
into the Tennessee about one mile below Pittsburg. 

All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and 
are in the spring of the year practically impassable, and in 
April, 1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places, 
where bridges were maintained. These streams, therefore, 
formed an excellent protection against an attack upon either 
flank of an army encamped between them. The general surface 
of the land along the Corinth road is on about the same level, 
but is cut up on either side by deep ravines and watercourses 



88 Ohio at Shiloh. 

leading into the creeks. In many of these ravines are running 
streams with the Uisual marshy margins. 

In 1862 this plateau was covered with open forest with fre- 
quent thick brush patches and an occasional clearing of a few 
acres surrounding the farm house of the owner. 

Sherman selected grounds for his division oamps just behind 
a little stream called Shiloh Branch; McDowell's Brigade on 
the right, with his right on Owl Creek at the bridge where the 
Hamburg and Purdy road crosses said creek; Buckland's Bri- 
gade next in line to the left, with his left at Shiloh Church ; 
Hildebrand's Brigade to the left of the church; Stuart's Bri- 
gade, detached from others, to the extreme left of the line at 
the point where the Savannah and Hamburg and the Purdy and 
Hamburg roads united just before they cross Lick Creek. 

Hurlbut's Division formed its camp one mile in rear of 
Sherman's, near the crossing of the Corinth and the Hamburg 
and Savannah road. 

On the 11th day of March the Departments of Missouri and 
Ohio were consolidated under the name of the Department of 
the Mississippi, and Major General H. W. Halleck assigned to 
the command, giving him from that date the control he had 
sought, of both armies then operating in Tennessee. Greneral 
Smith, about the time of his arrival at Savannah, had received 
an injury to his leg Avhile stepping from a gunboat into a yawl. 
This injury, apparently insignificant at first, soon took such 
serious form that the General was obliged to relinquish com- 
mand of the troops and General Grant was restored to duty and 
ordered by General Halleck to repair to Savannah and take 
command of the troops in that vicinity. Upon his arrival at Sa- 
vannah, March 17th, General Grant found his army divided, a 
part on either side of the Tennessee River. He at once reported 
to General Halleck'' the exact situation and in answer was di- 



7 11 War Records, p. 45. 



Field of Operations. 89 

rected to "destroy the railroad connections at Corinth."* To 
carry out this order General Grant transferred the remainder of 
his army, except a small garrison for Savannah, to the west side 
of the river, concentrating the 1st, 2d,, 4th and 5th Divisions at 
Pittsburg Landing and the 3d at Crump's Landing, six miles 
below. General McClernand with the 1st Division formed his 
camp in rear of Sherman's right brigades; General W. H. L. 
Wallace, commanding the 2d Division, encamped to the right of 
Hurlbut, between Corinth road and Snake creek. A new di- 
vision, the 6th, just organizing under General Prentiss out of 
new troops, went into camp as the regiments arrived, between 
Hildebrand's and Stuart's Brigades of Sherman's Division, its 
center on the Eastern Corinth road. General Lew Wallace, 
commanding the 3d Division, placed his 1st Brigade at 
Crump's, his 2d Brigade at Stony Lonesome and his 3d Bri- 
gade at Adamsville, five miles out on the Purdy road. 

It will be seen that the occupation of Pittsburg Landing 
by Union troops was not in accordance with a prearranged plan. 
The army had been sent up the Tennessee to attempt to break 
the railroad. With that work still in view it had landed at the 
only accessible place within striking distance of that road. 
Whatever of credit or censure may be due to any one for placing 
troops in camp at Pittsburg Landing belongs to General Smith. 
It would seem, however, that under his instructions, still in 
force, to break the railroad at Corinth, this was the right thing 
to do. In any event the action was endorsed by General Hal- 
leck, for his only reply to the report of General Grant inform- 
ing him that part of the troops were on the west side of the 
river was: "It is reported that the enemy has moved out of 
Corinth * * If so General Smith should immediately destroy 
the railroad connection at Corinth."® To obey this order it 



8 11 War Records, p. 46. 

9 11 War Records, p. 46. 



90 Ohio at Shiloh. 

would have been necessary to place his troops on the west side 
of the river. 

Ever since the movement up the Tennessee began General 
Halleck had declared his purpose to assume personal command 
in the field. As early as March 10 he wrote General McClel- 
lan: "I propose going to the Tennessee in a few days to take 
personal command."^ ^ Pending his arrival at the front his 
orders to Smith, to Sherman and to Grant were: "My instruc- 
tions not to bring on an engagement must be strictly obeyed."^ ^ 
But when informed by General Grant that the contemplated at- 
tack upon Corinth would make a general engagement inevitable 
Halleck at once ordered: "By all means keep your forces to- 
gether until you connect with General Buell. Don't let the 
enemy draw you into an engagement now."^^ To this General 
Grant replied: "All troops have been concentrated near Pitts- 
burg Landing. 'No movement of troops will be made except to 
advance Sherman to Pea Ridge."^^ Sherman made a recon- 
noissanoe towards Pea Bidge March 24, and drove some cavalry 
across Lick Creek. He bivouacked at Chambers that night and 
returned to camp next morning. 

On the 31st with two regiments of infantry, a section of ar- 
tillery and a company of cavalry Sherman went up to Eastport 
and finding the works there and at Chickasaw abandoned he 
sent his scouts toward luka. Confederate cavalry was encoun- 
tered and the command returned to Pittsburg, 

The Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major-General 
U. S. Grant, was on the 5th of April, 1862, organized into six 
divisions; the 1st commanded by Major-General John A. Mc- 
Clernand ; the second by Brigadier-General W. H. L. Wallace ; 



10 11 War Records, p. 24. 

11 7 War Records, p. 674; 10 War Records, p. 25; 11 War Records, p. 41. 

12 11 War Records, p. 51. 

13 11 War Records, p. 57. 



Field of Opeeatjons. 91 

the 3d by Major-General Lew Wallace ; the 4th by Brigadier- 
Greneral S. A. Hurlbut; the 5th by Brigadier-General W. T. 
ShBrman and the 6th by Brigadier-General B, M. Prentiss. 
Generals McClernand, C. F. Smith and Lew Wallace had been 
promoted Major-Generals March 21, 1862. Official notice of 
such promotion was sent to General Grant by General Halleck 
from St. Louis April S.^'* Previous to this notice of promotion 
the order of rank of the Brigadiers was as follows: Sherman, 
McClernand, Hurlbut, Prentiss, C. F. Smith, Lew Wallace, 
W. H. L. Wallace. General Smith, until relieved by General 
Grant, March 17, was in command by order of General Mc- 
Clellan.i« 

The camps of Sherman and Prentiss formed the front line 
about two and a half miles from Pittsburg and extending in a 
semi-circle from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek on the 
left One company from each regiment was advanced as a 
picket one mile in front of regimental camps. 

By the official returns of April 5, 1862, there were in the 
five divisions of the Army of the Tennessee at Pittsburg Land- 
ing: 

Present for duty, infantry, artillery and cavalry, officers 
and men, 39,830. 

In the 3d Division at Crump's, 

Present for duty, officers and men, 7,564. 

On the evening of the 5th the advance of General Buell's 
Army arrived at Savannah, and in one day more would have 
united with the Army of the Tennessee ready for the advance on 
Corinth as contemplated and announced in General Halleck's 
program. 

When General Johnston withdrew his army from Kentucky 
and Tennessee, after the fall of Fort Donelson, he established 



1* 11 War Records, p. 94. 
15 11 War Records, p. 82. 



92 Ohio at Shiloh. 

his new line of operations along the Memphis and Charleston 
E-ailroad with his right at Chattanooga, and his left on the 
Mississippi at Fort Pillow. On this line he was reinforced by 
Generals Polk and Beauregard from Columbus and West Ten- 
nessee, and by General Bragg from Pensacola and Mobile, and 
had ordered Van Dom from Little Rock, Arkansas, to report 
with his army at Corinth, Mississippi. As early as March 9, 
General Ruggles was placed in command at Corinth and was 
ordered to put his troops in marching order and to commence a 
line of intrenchments around the town. 

On the 29th of March General Johnston issued a general 
order consolidating the armies of Jventucky and Mississippi and 
some independent commands into the "Army of the Missis- 
sippi," of which he assumed the command, naming General 
G. T. Beauregard as second in command, and Major-General 
Braxton Bragg as Chief of Staff. Subsequently he organized 
his army into four corps, the 1st Corps commanded by Major- 
General Leonidas Polk; the 2d Corps commanded by Major- 
General Braxton Bragg; the 3d Corps commanded by Major- 
General W. J. Hardee ; and the Reserve Corps commanded by 
Major-Greneral J. C. Breckinridge. 

One division of the 1st Corps, Cheatham's, was at Bethel and 
Purdy ; a brigade of the 2d Corps was at Monterey ; the Reserve 
Corps at Burnsville; the cavalry nearer the Union lines. All 
other troops concentrated at Corinth. 

General Johnston had been depressed by the censure of the 
Southern press and as late as March 18 offered to relinquish the 
command of the army to General Beauregard. Reassured by 
expressions of confidence by Mr. Davis, he resolved to retain 
command, and, if possible, to regain the confidence of the 
people by taking the offensive and attacking Grant's army at 
Pittsburg Landing, hoping to defeat that army before it could 
be reinforced by General Buell. Hearing that General Buell 



Field of Opeeations. 93 

was nearing Savannali General Johnston determined to attack 
at once without awaiting the arrival of Van Dorn. According- 
ly, on the 3d of April he issued orders for the forward move- 
ment, directing his army to move by the several roads and con- 
centrate at Mickey's, eight miles from Pittsburg Landing, so 
as to be ready to attack at sunrise on the morning of the 5th. 
Heavy rains, bad roads, and the delays incident to marching 
large columns with wagon trains and artillery over muddy 
roads prevented the assembly of the army at Mickey's until 
nearly night of the 5th. It was then determined to delay the 
attack until daylight next morning. 

The aggregate present for duty, officers and men of the 
Confederate army — infantry, artillery and cavalry, assembled 
at Mickey's, April 5, 1862, as shown by official reports, was 
43,968. This army General Johnston put in line of battle and 
bivouacked Saturday night in the following order : General Har- 
dee's Corps on the first or advanced line, with Cleburne's Bri- 
gade on the left, its left flank at Widow Howell's near Winning- 
ham's Creek ; Wood's Brigade next to the right with his right on 
the main Pittsburg and Corinth road and just in rear of the 
Wood's field ; Shaver's Brigade on right of Pittsburg and Cor- 
inth road extending the line nearly to Bark road. As Hardee's , 
line, thus deployed, did not occupy all the space to Lick Creek, 
as desired, Gladden's Brigade from Wither's Division of 2d 
Corps was added to Llardee's right extending the line across 
Bark road. General Bragg's Corps was deployed eight hun- 
dred yards in rear of the first line, with General Ruggles's Di- 
vision on the left and General Wither's Division on the right, 
in the following order of brigades from left to right : Pond, An- 
derson, Gibson, Jackson and Chalmers. This second line 
overlapped the first and extended beyond Hardee's on both 
flanks, Jackson's left flank resting on the Bark road. The 
Corps of General Polk and Breckinridge were formed in col- 



94 Ohio at Shiloh. 

umn by brigades in rear of the second line. Wharton's and 
Brewer's cavalry were on the left flank, guarding the road to- 
ward Stantonville ; Clanton's cavalry on the right front, 
Avery's, Forest's and Adams's cavalry at Greer's ford on Lick 
Creek. Other cavalry organizations were attached tto the 
different corps. 

General Johnston's headquarters was established at the 
forks of the Bark and Pittsburg roads. 

Pickets were sent out from the first line. The 3d Missis- 
sippi, commanded by Major Hardoastle, was on such duty in 
front of Wood's brigade, his reserve post at the corner where 
Wood's and Fraley's fields join. 



The Battle. 96 



The Battle. 



r^UEHsTG the advance from Monterey on the 3d there had 
■*— ^ been skirmishing between the cavalry of the two armies, 
and on the 4th one of Buckland's picket posts was captured. 
Bnckland sent out two companies in pursuit of the captors. 
These companies were attacked and surrounded by Confederate 
cavalry, but were rescued by Buckland coming to their relief 
with his whole regiment. On Saturday Generals Prentiss and 
Sherman each sent out reconnoitering parties to the front. Nei- 
ther of these parties developed the enemy in force, but reported 
such evidences of cavalry that pickets of both divisions were 
doubled, and General Prentiss, being still apprehensive of at- 
tack, sent out, at 8 o'clock Sunday morning, three companies of 
the 25th Missouri under Major Powell of that regiment to again 
reconnoiter well to the front. 

Major Powell marched to the right and front, passing be- 
tween the Rhea and Seay fields, and at 4.55 a. m. struck Hard- 
castle's pickets and received their fire. The fire was returned 
by Powell, and a sharp engagement was had between these out- 
posts, continuing, as Hardcastle says, one hour and a half, un- 
til 6.30 a. m., when he saw his brigade formed in his rear and 
fell back to his place in line. Wood's Brigade advancing drove 
Powell back to the Seay field, where he was reenforced by four 
ciDmpanies of the 16th Wisconsin that had been on picket near 
by and five companies of the 21st Missouri, under Colonel 
Moore, who at once took command and sent back to camp for the 
remainder of his regiment. This force, fighting and retreat- 



96 Ohio at Shiloh. 

ing slowly, was reenforced at the southeast corner of the Rhea 
field by all of Peabody's brigade. This force succeeded in hold- 
ing the Confederates in check until about 8 o'clock, when Pea- 
body fell back to the line of his camp closely followed by 
Shaver's Brigade and the right of Wood's Brigade. 

While Peabody's Brigade was thus engaged General Pren- 
tiss had advanced Miller's Brigade to the south side of Spane 
field and placed Hickenlooper's battery to the left and Munch's 
battery to the right of the Eastern Corinth road. In this po- 
sition he was attacked by Gladden's Brigade and by the left 
of Chalmer's brigade that had advanced to the front line. 
These Confederate brigades, after a stubborn fight, in which 
Gladden was mortally wounded, drove Miller back to his line of 
camps at the same time that Peabody was driven back to his. 
In their several camps Prentiss formed his regiments again 
and was vigorously attacked by Gladden's and Shaver's Bri- 
gades, assisted on their left by a part of Wood's Brigade and 
on the right by Chalmers. 

At 9 o'clock Prentiss was driven from his second position 
with the loss of the entire division camp, two guns of Hicken- 
looper's battery, and many killed and wounded left on the field. 
Among the killed was Colonel Peabody, the commander of the 
1st Brigade of Prentiss's Division. 

While the right of Hardee's line was engaged with Prentiss 
his left had attacked the brigades of Hildebrand and Buck- 
land of Sherman's Division. These brigades had formed in 
line in front of their camps and behind Shiloh Branch, with 
Barrett's battery at Shiloh Church and Waterhouse's battery to 
the left behind the camp of the 53d Ohio. The 3d Brigade of 
McClernand's Division was brought up and formed in support 
of Sherman's left flank and of Waterhouse's battery. In the 
Confederate advance the left of Wood's brigade had been slight- 
ly engaged with the 53d Ohio, which easily gave way when 



The Battle. 97 

"Wood obliqued to the right to avoid Waterhouse's battery, and 
following Prentiss, passed the left flank of Hildebrand's Bri- 
gade, then left-wheeled to the attack of McClernand's 3d Bri- 
gade. Cleburne's Brigade, in attempting to cross the marshy 
ground of Shiloh Branch, received the concentrated fire of the 
two brigades, and after two or three unsuccessful efforts to dis- 
lodge the Union troops, in which his regiment lost very heavily, 
the 6th Mississippi having over seventy percent killed and 
wounded, he was obliged to give place to Anderson's Brigade, of 
Bragg's Corps, which was in like manner repulsed with severe 
loss. Johnson's and Kussell's Brigades, of Polk's Corp, now 
came up together, Russell on the right overlapping Sherman's 
left and Johnson to his left along the Corinth road. The re- 
organized parts of the brigades of Cleburne and Anderson, join- 
ing Russell and Johnson, the four brigades, assisted by Wood's 
Brigade, advanced, and at 10 o'clock drove Sherman's two bri- 
gades and the 3d Brigade of McClernand's Division back across 
the Purdy road, with the loss of three guns of Waterhouse's 
battery and of the camps of the three brigades. During the 
contest Confederate Generals Clark, commanding a division, 
and Johnson, commanding a brigade, were severely wounded, 
and Colonel Raith, commanding McClernand's 3d Brigade, was 
mortally wounded. The capture of the three guns of Water- 
house's battery is claimed by the 13th Tennessee, of Russell's 
Brigade, and General Polk seems to concede the claim, though 
it appears that several regiments were attacking the battery 
from the front when the 13th Tennessee moved by the right 
flank, and, approaching from its left rear, reached it before 
those from the front. General Vaughan, of the 13th Tennessee, 
says that when his regiment reached these guns a dead Union 
officer lay near them, and keeping guard over his body was a 
pointer dog, that refused to allow the Confederates to ap- 
proach the body. 



98 Ohio at Shiloh. 

Pond's Brigade, of Bragg's Corps, had engaged McDowell's 
Brigade, in conjunction with. Anderson's attack on Buckland, 
and had succeeded in gaining the bridge at McDowell's right 
flank, but had not become seriously engaged when Sherman 
ordered McDowell to retire and form junction with his 3d and 
4th Brigades, which were then falling back from Shiloh Church. 
McDowell therefore abandoned his camp to Pond without a 
contest. 

After the capture of Prentiss's camp, Chalmer's and Jack- 
eon's Brigades from Bragg's Corps were ordered to the right to 
attack the extreme left of the Union line. Preceded by Clan- 
ton's cavalry these brigades moved by the flank down the Bark 
road until the head of the column was at the swampy grounds 
of Lick Creek, then forming line of battle and placing Gage's 
and Girardey's batteries upon the bluff south of Locust Grove 
Creek and they compelled Stuart, who was without artillery, to 
leave his camp and form his lines to left and rear in the tim- 
ber. Here he held Chalmers in a fierce fight until about 2 
o'clock, when he fell back to the landing, abandoning the last of 
Sherman's camps. Jackson's attack, as he came across the 
creek, fell upon McArthur's Brigade, consisting of 9th and 
12th Illinois, supported on the left by the 50th Illinois, and 
by Willard's battery in the rear. McArthur, in a fierce fight 
in which the 9th Illinois lost sixty percent of the men en- 
gaged, held his ground until Jackson was reenforced by Bowen's 
Brigade of Breckinridge's Corps, when McArthur fell back. 

When Sherman and Prentiss discovered that they were be- 
ing attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reenforce- 
ments from the divisions in their rear. McClernand sent his 
3d Brigade to reenforce Sherman's left and Schwarz battery to 
assist Buckland. He then formed his 1st and 2d Brigades 
along the Pittsburg road in front of his headquarters, Bur- 
row's battery in the center, Marsh's Brigade to its right, Hare's 



The Battle. 99 

Brigade to its left behind the Review field, McAllister's battery 
at the northwest corner of said field, and Dresser's battery at 
Water Oaks Pond. On this line the 3d Brigade rallied when it 
fell back from Sherman's line. 

Veatch's Brigade of Hurlbut's Division was sent to reen- 
force McClernand and formed behind Burrow's battery. Hurl- 
but marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and 
formed line of battle with Williams's Brigade facing south, and 
Lauman's Brigade facing west — the batteries, Mann's, Ross's, 
and Meyer's all in the field behind the infantry. 

W. H. L. Wallace's 1st Brigade, commanded by Colonel 
Tuttle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on 
the east siide of the Duncan field in an old sunken road ; Mc- 
Arthur's brigade was scattered ; the 81st Ohio and the 14th Mis- 
souri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; the 13th 
Missouri to reenforce McDowell's Brigade and McArthur in 
person, with 9th and 12th Illinois and Willard's battery, went 
to the support of Stuart and formed on his right rear and at the 
left of Hurlbut's Division, just east of the peach orchard ; of 
Sweeny's Brigade the 7th and 59th Illinois formed on Tuttle's 
right connecting it with McClernand's left; the 50th Illinois 
was sent to McArthur ; the other regiments were held in reserve 
until about noon, when the 8th Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to 
fill a gap between Wallace and Prentiss ; the 57th Illinois went 
to the extreme left, and the 52d Illinois reported to McClernand 
at his sixth position, just east of Tilghman Creek; batteries D, 
H and K, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along the 
ridge in rear of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division, 
not over 800 men, on Hurlbut's right, connecting it with Wal- 
lace's left. 

In the early morning General Grant at Savannah heard the 

firing and directed General Nelson of the Army of the Ohio to 

march his division along the east bank of the Tennessee to the 
■LofC. 



100 Ohio at Shiloh. 

point opposite Pittsl3urg. Then leaving a request for General 
Biiell to hurry his troops forward as rapidly as possible he 
hastened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at 
about the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he 
immediately despatched orders to General Lew Wallace to bring 
his division to the battlefield. There has ever since been a 
dispute as to the terms of this order and the time of its de^ 
livery. It is admitted that General Wallace received an order 
and that he started his command at about 12 o'clock by a road 
leading into the Hamburg and Purdy road west of the bridge 
over Owl Creek on the right of Sherman's camps. This bridge 
was abandoned by McDowell and held by the Confederates at 
10 o'clock. An aide from General Grant overtook Wallace on 
this road about 3 o'clock and turned him back to the Savannah 
and Hamburg, or river road, by which he reached the battle- 
field about 6 o'clock, after the fighting for the day had ceased. 

In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning 
Gibson's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had followed Shaver's Bri- 
gade and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had 
separated Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade; 
into this space Bragg directed Stephen's Brigade, of Polk's 
Corps, which entered the line of camps in rear of Wood's Bri- 
gade. Stewart's Brigade, also of Polk's Corps, was sent to the 
right and entered the line of camps in rear of Gladden's Bri- 
gade. 

When Prentiss was driven back General Johnston ordered 
his reserve into action by sending Trabue forward on the Pitts- 
burg road to Shiloh Church, while Bowen and Statham were 
m.oved down the Bark road and formed line of battle south of 
the peach orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing 
the line to where Gladden's Brigade, now commanded by 
Adams, was resting near Prentiss's headquarters. 

Following the capture of the guns of Waterhouse's battery 



The Battle. 101 

and the retreat of Sherman and Raith to the Purdy road, 
Wood's and Shaver's Brigades, with Swett's battery, were or- 
dered to left wheel. Stewart's Brigade was sent by left flank 
along the rear of Peabody's camp to Wood's left, where three of 
the regiments took their places in line, while the 4th Ten- 
nessee, supported by the 12th Tennessee, from Russell's Bri- 
gade, went into line between Wood's and Shaver's Brigades. 
Stanford's battery took position in the camp of the 4th Illinois 
Cavalry. Joining this force on its left were the somewhat dis- 
organized brigades of Cleburne, Anderson, Johnson and Rus- 
sell. Greneral Polk was personally directing their movements 
and led them forward without waiting for perfect organisation 
in pursuit of Sherman's retreating brigades. This combined 
force of seven brigades moved to the attack of McClernand and 
Sherman in their second position along the Pittsburg and Pur- 
dy road. The right of this attacking force extended beyond 
McClernand's left became engaged with W. H. L. Wallace's 
troops near Duncan House, while Stephen's Brigade of Polk's 
Corps engaged the left to Tuttle's Brigade and Prentiss's Di- 
vision in the Hornet's Nest. At the same time Gladden at- 
tacked Lauman on west side of the peach orchard. In these 
attacks Generals Hindman and Wood were wounded and the 
Confederates in front of Wallace, Prentiss and Lauman were 
repulsed. 

The attack upon McClernand and Sherman was successful 
and drove these commands back to the center of Marsh's Bri- 
gade camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand 
calls his third line, and then retired to the field at the right of 
said camp to the fourth line, the 3d and 4th Brigades of Sher- 
man's Division retiring to the landing and his 1st Brigade, 

McDowell's, taking their place. 

In the repulse of McClernand from his second and third 
line he had lost Burrow's entire battery of six guns, which 



102 Ohio at Shiloh. 

■was taken by Wood's Brigade ; also one gun of McAllister's bat- 
tery taken by the 4th Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's 
battery and four guns of Dresser's battery. Part of these, per- 
haps all, are claimed by the 154th Tennessee. 

Rallying in camp to Hare's Brigade McClernand, with Mc- 
Dowell's Brigade on his right, checked the Confederate ad- 
vance, and then by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, re- 
covered his second brigade camp and his own headquarters, 
and captured Cobb's Tennessee battery, 

McClernand gives the 11th Iowa and the 11th and 20th 
Illinois the credit for the capture of this battery. In the for- 
wsird movement the 6th Iowa and 46th Ohio of McDowell's 
Brigade, and 13th Missouri of McArthur's Brigade, became 
engaged with Trabue's Confederate Brigade in a fierce battle, 
of which Trabue says : "The combat was a severe one. I fought 
the enemy an hour and a quarter, killing and wounding 400 or 
500 of the 46th Ohio Infantry, as well as of another regiment, 
a. Missouri regiment and some Iowa troops. * * * I lost here 
many men and several officers." 

The number killed, wounded and missing of the 46th Ohio 
at the battle of Shiloh, both days, was 246. But of the three 
regiments opposed to Trabue there were 510 killed, wounded 
and r^iissing; most of them were doubtless lost in this conflict, 
so that Trabue may not have seriously erred in his statement. 

At the time that McClernand fell back from his second posi- 
tion General Stewart took command of Wood's and Shaver's 
Brigades and with the 4th Tennessee of his own Brigade moved 
to the right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and Prentiss. 
Meeting a severe repulse he withdrew at 12 o'clock with the 
4th Tennessee to the assistance of the force in front of McCler- 
nand. At the same time Shaver's and Wood's Brigades retired 
for rest and ammunition and Stephen's Brigade moved to the 
right and joined Breckinridge south of the Peach Orchard. 



HE 



Battle. 103 



General Bragg then brought up Gibson's Brigade, which 
had been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four sep- 
arate charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. 
Gibson's Brigade was shattered in these useless charges and 
retired from the field. While Bragg was directing these several 
charges Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon 
McClernand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven him 
back once more to the camp of his first Brigade, where he main- 
tained his position until 2.30 p. m., when he fell back across the 
valley of Tilghman Creek to his sixth line, abandoning the last 
of his camps. 

About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten his re- 
serve in position south of the peach orchard, assumed personal 
command of the right wing of his army and directed a combined 
forward movement, intending to break the Union left where 
Chalmers and Jackson had been engaged since about 10 o'clock 
in an unsuccessful fight with Stuart and McArthur. Bowen's 
Brigade was sent to support Jackson and was closely followed 
echelon to the left by Statham's, Stephen's and Gladden's Bri- 
gades in an attack upon Hurlbut in peach orchard. Stuart, 
hard pressed by Chalmers and threatened on the flank by Clan- 
ton's cavalry was, as we have seen, the first to yield, and falling 
back left McArthur's flank exposed, compelling him and Hurl- 
but to fall back to the north side of the peach orchard. As Hurl- 
but's 1st Brigade fell back Lauman's Brigade on its right was 
transferred to the left of the division in support of McArthur. 
Hurlbut's Division, as then formed, stood at a right angle with 
the line of Prentiss and Wallace. 

At 2.30 p. m., while personally directing the movements 
of his reserve, General Johnston was struck by a minie ball and 
almost instantly killed. The death of the Confederate Com- 
mander-in-Chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flank until 
General Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the 



104 Ohio at Shiloh. 

command at the center to General Ruggles and repairing to the 
right assumed command and again ordered a forward move- 
ment. 

General Ruggles having noted the ineffectual efforts of 
Bragg to break the Union center determined to concentrate 
artillery upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batter- 
ies and a section and placed them in position along the west side 
of the Duncan field and southeast side of the Review field. 
In support of these batteries he brought up portions of the 
brigades of Gibson, Shaver, Wood, Anderson and Stewart, 
with the 38th Tennessee and Crescent regiment of Pond's 
Brigade and once more attacked the position so stubbornly held 
by Wallace and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty- 
two guns drove away the Union batteries, but was not able to 
rout the infantry from its sheltered position in the old road. 

William Preston Johnston, in the "Life of General Albert 
Sidney Johnston," gives this graphic description of the fight- 
ing at this point: 

"This position of the Federal line was occupied by Wal- 
lace's Division and by the remnant of Prentiss's Division. 
Here, behind a dense thicket on the crest of the hill, was 
posted a strong force of as hardy troops as ever fought, almost 
perfectly protected by the conformation of the ground. To 
assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the fire 
of its batteries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by 
that very mild metaphor "The Hornet's ISTest." No figure of 
speech would be too strong to express the deadly peril of an 
assault upon this natural fortress whose inaccessible barriers 
blazed for six hours with sheets of flame and whose infernal 
gates poured forth a murderous storm of shot and shell and 
musketry fire which no living thing could quell or even with- 
stand. Brigade after brigade was led against it, but valor was 
of no avail. Hindman's brilliant brigades, which had swept 



The Battle. 105 

eve-rything before them from the field, were shivered into frag- 
ments and paralyzed for the remainder of the day. Stewart's 
regiments made fruitless assaults, but only to retire mangled 
from the field. Bragg now ordered up Gibson's splendid bri- 
gade. It made a charge, but, like the others, recoiled and fell 
back. Bragg sent orders to charge again. * * * Four times the 
position was charged; four times the assault proved unavail- 
ing — ^the brigade was repulsed. About half past three o'clock 
the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful 
violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's 
corps intermingled were engaged in a death grapple with the 
sturdy commands of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General 
Ruggles judiciously collected all the artillery he could find, 
some eleven batteries, which he massed against the position. 
The opening of so heavy a fire and the simultaneous advance of 
the whole Confederate line resulted first in confusion and then 
in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss at about 
half past five o'clock. Each Confederate commander of divi- 
sion, brigade and regiment, as his command pounced upon 
the prey, believed it entitled to the credit of the capture. 
Breckinridge, Ruggles, Withers, Cheatham, and other divi- 
sions which helped to subdue the stubborn fighters — each im- 
agined his own the hardest part of the work." 

Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands 
of the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his re- 
treat across Tilghman Creek, and at about 4 o'clock Hardee 
sent Pond with three of his regiments and Wharton's cavalry 
to attack the Union position upon the east side of said creek. 
In this attack the Confederates were repulsed with heavy 
loss, the 18th Louisiana alone losing forty-two percent of those 
engaged. Pond retired to the west side of the creek and took 
no further part in the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, 
with some other detachments renewed the attack and at 4.30 



106 Ohio at Shiloh. 

i 

p. m. succeeded in driving McClernand and Veatch back to 
the Hamburg road, then wheeled to the right against the ex- 
posed flank of W. H. L. Wallace's Division. At the same time 
Bragg had forced back the Union left until McArthur and 
Hurlbut, seeing that thej were in danger of being cut off from 
the landing, withdrew their forces, letting the whole of Bragg's 
forces upon the rest of Prentiss and Wallace, while Polk 
and Hardee were attacking them on their right flank and Rug- 
gles was pounding them from the front. Wallace attempted 
to withdraw bj the left flank, but in passing the lines closing 
behind him he was mortally wounded. Colonel Tuttle, with 
two of his regiments succeeded in passing the lines while four 
of Wallace's regiments with the part of Prentiss's Division were 
completely surrounded, and after an ineffectual effort to force 
their way back to the landing were compelled to surrender at 
5.30 p. m. The number of prisoners captured here and in pre- 
vious engagements was 2,314 men and officers, about an equal 
number from each division. General Prentiss and the mor- 
tally wounded General Wallace were both taken prisoners, but 
General Wallace was left on the field and was recovered by his 
friends next day and died at Savannah, Tennessee, four days 
later. 

During the afternoon Colonel Webster, Chief of Artillery 
on General Grant's staff, had placed Madison's battery of siege 
guns in position about a quarter of a mile out from the landing 
and then as the other batteries came back from the front placed 
them in position to the right and left of the siege guns. Hurl- 
but's Division, as it came back from the front, was formed on 
the right of these guns ; Stuart's Brigade on the left ; parts of 
Wallace's Division and detached regiments formed in the rear 
and to the right of Hurlbut, connecting with McClernand's left. 
McClernand extended the line to Hamburg and Savannah road 
and along that road to near McArthur's headquarters, where 



The Battle. 107 

Buckland's Brigade of Sherman's Division with three regi- 
ments of McArthur's Brigade were holding the right, which 
covered the bridge bj which Lew Wallace was to arrive on the 
field. 

About 5 o'clock Ammen's Brigade of Nelson's Division of 
the Army of the Ohio reached the field, the 36th Indiana tak- 
ing position at the left in support of Stone's battery. Two 
gunboats, the Tyler and the Lexington, were at the mouth of 
Dill's Branch, just above the Landing. 

After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to re- 
organize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union 
line in position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and 
Jackson and Colonel Trabue moved their commands to the right 
down the ridge south of Dill's Branch until they came under 
fire of the Union batteries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's 
battery, the only one with the command. Trabue sheltered his 
command on the south side of the ridge, while Chalmers and 
Jackson moved into the valley of Dill's Branch and pressed 
skirmishers forward to the brow of the hill on north side of the 
valley, but their exhausted men, many of them without ammu- 
nition, could not be urged to a charge upon the batteries be- 
fore them. Colonel Deas, commanding a remnant of Gladden's 
Brigade, formed with 224 men in the ravine on Jackson's left, 
and Anderson formed at the head of the ravine where he re- 
mained ten or fifteen minutes ; then he retired beyond range of 
the floating guns. Colonel Lindsay, 1st Mississippi Cavalry, 
charged upon and captured Ross's battery as it was withdraw- 
ing from position near Hurlbut's headquarters, and then with 
thirty or forty men crossed the head of Dill's Branch and at^ 
tempted to charge another battery, but finding himself in the 
presence of an infantry force "managed to get back under the 
hill without damage." This cavalry and the skirmishers from 
Chalmer's and Jackson's Brigades were the only Confederate 



108 Ohio at Shiloh. 

troops that came under musketry fire after Prentiss and Wal- 
lace surrendered. 

In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops 
into position on the left of Pittsburg road, hut before ar- 
rangements were completed night came on and General Beau- 
regard ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate 
troops sought bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured 
Union camps and some returning to their bivouacs of Saturday 
night. General Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church; 
General Polk retired to his Saturday night camp; General 
Bragg was with Beauregard at the Church; General Hardee 
and General Withers encamped with Colonel Martin in Pea- 
body's camp ; Trabue occupied camps of the 6th Iowa and 46th 
Ohio; Pond's Brigade alone of the infantry troops remained 
in line of battle confronting the Union line. 

The Union troops bivouacked on their line of battle, ex- 
tending from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek Bridge, where 
the 3d Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from 
McArthur's headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thir- 
teen hours the battle had raged over all parts of the field without 
a moment's cessation. The Union army had been steadily 
forced back on both flanks. The camps of all but the 2d Divi- 
sion had been captured, and position after position surrendered 
after the most persistent fighting and with fearful loss of life 
on both sides. Many regiments and brigades even had been 
shattered and had lost their organizations. Detachments of 
soldiers, parts of companies — and regiments even — were scat- 
tered over the field, some doubtless seeking in vain for their 
commands, many caring for dead and wounded comrades, 
others exhausted with the long confiict and content to seek rest 
and refreshments at any place that promised relief from the 
terrors of the battle. The fierceness of the fighting on Sunday 
is shown by the losses sustained by some of the organizations en- 



The Battle. 109 

gaged. The 9th Illinois lost 366 out of 617 ; the 6th Mississip- 
pi lost 300 out of 425; Cleburne's Brigade lost 1013 out of 
2700, and the brigade was otherwise depleted until he had but 
800 men in line Sunday night. He continued in the fight on 
Monday until he had 58 men in line, and these he sent to the 
rear for ammunition. 

Gladden's Brigade was reduced to 224; the 55th Illinois 
lost 275 out of 657 ; the 28th Illinois lost 245 out of 642 ; the 
6th Iowa had 52 killed outright; the 3d Iowa lost thirty-three 
percent of those engaged; the 12th Iowa, in killed, wounded 
and prisoners, lost four more than were reported for duty that 
morning, four of its sick having joined the ranks and remained 
to the end. These are but samples, many other regiments hav- 
ing lost in about the same proportion. The loss of officers was 
especially heavy. Out of five Union division commanders one 
was killed, one wounded and one captured; out of fifteen bri- 
gade commanders nine were on the list of casualties, and out of 
sixty-one infantry regimental commanders on the field fi^ty- 
three were killed, wounded or missing, making a loss on Sun- 
day of forty-five out of eight-one commanders of divisions, bri- 
gades and regiments. 

The Confederate Army lost its Commander-in-Chief, killed. 
Two corps commanders wounded ; three out of five of the divi- 
sion commanders wounded; four of its brigade commanders 
killed or wounded, and twenty out of seventy-eight of its regi- 
mental commanders killed or wounded. With such losses, the 
constant shifting of positions and the length of time engaged it 
is not a matter to cause surprise that the Confederate Army was 
reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less than 20,000 
men in line, and that these were so exhausted that they sought 
their bivouacs with little regard to battle lines — and that both 
armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could, with 
little thought by either of any danger of attack during the 
night 



110 Ohio at Shiloh. 

A few years later, with the experience that came from ser- 
vice, neither Confederate nor Union soldier would have thought 
of rest, much as they need it, until a complete line of defense 
had been built for protection against the attacks of the morrow. 
But this art of war had not then been learned; neither army 
knew the possibility of building entrenchments until they had 
been regularly laid out by engineers and plana approved at 
headquarters. So we find at Shiloh that with three exceptions 
no breastworks were prepared by either side on Sunday night. 
Of these exceptions, a Union battery near the landing was pro- 
tected by a few sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns; 
some Confederate regiments arranged the fallen timber in front 
of Marsh's Brigade camp into a sort of defensive work that 
served a good purpose the next day, and Lieutenant ISTispel, 
Company E, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, dug a trench in front 
of his guns, making a slight earthwork, which may still be 
seen just at the right of the position occupied by the siege guns. 
He alone of all the officers on the field thought to use the spade 
which was so soon to become an important weapon of war. 

During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's 
Division and General Crittenden's Division of the Army of the 
Ohio arrived upon the field and early Monday morning the 
Union forces were put in motion to renew the battle. General 
Crittenden's right rested on the Corinth road ; General Nelson 
to his left extending the line across the Hamburg road; the 
2d Iowa and the 15th Illinois from the Army of the Tennessee 
extending the line to near the overflown land of the Tennessee. 
Two brigades of General McCook's Division, arriving on the 
field about 8 o'clock, formed on Crittenden's right, Rousseau's 
brigade in front line and Kirk's in reserve. At McCook's right 
was Hurlbut, then McClernand, then Sherman, then Lew Wal- 
lace, whose right rested on the swamps of Owl Creek. The 
Army of the Ohio formed with one regiment of each brigade in 



The Battle. Ill 

reserve and with Boyle's Brigade of Crittenden's Division as 
reserve for the whole. The reserve of W. H. L. Wallace's Divi- 
sion, under command of Colonel Tuttle, was also in reserve be^ 
hind General Crittenden. 

The early and determined advance of the Union Army 
soon convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had ar- 
rived. He, however, made his disposition as rapidly as pos- 
sible to meet the advance by sending General Hardee to his 
right, General Bragg, to his left. General Polk to left center 
and General Breckinridge to right center with orders to each 
to put the Confederate troops in line of battle without regard 
to their original organization. These officers hurried their 
staff officers to all parts of the field and soon formed a line for 
Hardee, with Chalmers on the right in Stuart's camps. Next 
to him was Colonel Wheeler, in command of Jackson's old bri- 
gade ; then Colonel Preston Smith with remnant of B. R. John- 
son's Brigade; Colonel Maney with Stephen's Brigade; then 
came Stewart, Cleburne, Statham and Martin under Breck- 
inridge; Trabue across the main Corinth road just west of 
Duncan's, with Anderson and Gibson to his left under Polk; 
then Wood, Russell and Pond, under Bragg, finishing the line 
to Owl Creek. Very few brigades were intact; the different 
regiments were hurried into line from their bivouacs and placed 
under the command of the nearest brigade officer, and were 
then detached and sent from one part of the field to another 
as they were needed to reenforce threatened points, until it is 
impossible to follow movements or determine just where each 
regiment was engaged. 

Monday's battle opened by the advance of General Lew 
Wallace's Division on the Union right, attacking Pond's Bri- 
gade in Hare's Brigade camp, and was continued on that flank 
by a left wheel of Wallace, extending his right until he had 
gained the Confederate left flank. ITelson's Division, com- 



112 Ohio at Shiloii. 

menced its advance at daylight and soon developed the Confed- 
erate line of battle behind the peach orchard. He then waited 
for Crittenden and McCook to ^et into position and then com- 
menced the attack upon Hardee in which he was soon joined by 
all troops on the field. The fighting seems to have been most 
stubborn in the center, where Hazen, Crittenden and McCook 
were contending with the forces under Polk and Breckinridge 
upon the same ground where W. H. L. Wallace and Prentiss 
fought on Sunday. 

The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the con- 
test an unequal one, and, though stubbornly contested for a 
time, at about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the with- 
drawal of his army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Col- 
onel Looney of the 38th Tennessee, with his regiment, augment- 
ed by detachments from other regiments, at Shiloh Church, 
directing him to charge the Union center. In this charge Col- 
onel Looney passed Sherman's headquarters and pressed the 
Union line back to the Purdy road ; at the same time General 
Beauregard sent batteries across Shiloh Branch and placed 
them on the high ground beyond. With these arrangements 
Beauregard at 4 o'clock safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his 
army and placed his rear guard under Breckinridge in line 
upon the ground occuj^ied by his army on Saturday night. The 
Confederate Army retired leisurely to Corinth, while the 
Union Army returned to the badly demoralized camps that it 
had occupied before the battle. 

The losses of the two days' battle are summed up as follows : 

Killed Wounded Missing Total 

General Grant's five Divisions .. 1472 6350 2826 10,648 

Killed Wounded Missing Total 

General Wallace's Division 41 251 4 296 



Total, Army of the Tennessee 1513 6601 2830 10,944 



The Battle. 113 

Killed Wounded Missing Total 

Army of the Ohio 241 1807 55 2,103 

Total Union Army 1754 8408 2885 13,047 

Confederate Army 1728 8012 959 10,699 



Total loss at Shiloh 3482 16420 3,844 23,746 

This gives a Confederate loss of twenty-four and one-third 
percent of those present for duty, and a loss in the five divisions 
of Grant's army present for duty Sunday of twenty-six and 
three-fourths percent. 

It is impossible to give losses of each day separately except 
as to general officers and regimental commanders. These are 
reported by name, and it is found that casualties among the offi- 
cers of these grades are as follows ; 
In the five divisions of Grant's army, loss on Sunday. ... 45 

In the same divisions, loss on Monday 2 

In Lew Wallace's Division, loss on Monday 

In the Army of the Ohio, loss on Monday 3 

Total loss of officers of these grades, Sunday and Monday 50 
In Confederate Army casualties on Sunday to officers of 

like grade 30 

In Confederate Army, Monday 14 

Total loss of officers of these grades in Confederate Army 44 
If nothing else was determined by the battle of Shiloh this 
fact was demonstrated : That the American soldier from North 
or South could be depended upon to do his whole duty in 
any emergency. If there had been previous to that time, by 
soldiers of either army, a feeling of contempt for his opponent 
or a suspicion that he was lacking in true soldierly qualities 
this battle disabused his mind of all such thoughts, and ever 
after if he heard expressions of such sentiments from others 
his complete answer was "You were not at Shiloh." 



114 Ohio at Shiloh. / 

No general pursuit of the Confederates was made. The 
orders of General Halleck forbade pursuit, so the Confederates 
were allowed to retire to Corinth while the Union Army occu- 
pied itself in burying the dead and caring for the wounded un- 
til General Halleck arrived and, assuming command, inaug- 
urated the "advance upon, Corinth," in which the most con- 
spicuous and leading part was played by the spade. 



Detailed Movements of Organization* 



THE AKMY OF THE TENNESSEE. 



On the 6th day of April, 1862, The Army of the Tennessee 
was encamped on the west bank of the Tennessee River, — the 
1st, 2d, 4th, 5th and 6th Divisions at Pittsburg Landing with 
39,830 officers and men present for duty; the 3d Division at 
Crump's Landing with 7,564 officers and men present for 
duty. 

General Grant's headquarters were at Savannah, Tennessee, 
where he was awaiting the arrival of Genej:'al Buell. While at 
breakfast early Sunday morning, April 6, General Grant heard 
heavy firing at Pittsburg Landing, and leaving orders for Gen- 
eral Nelson to move his divison up the east bank of the river to 
Pittsburg, General Grant and staff repaired to the battlefield, 
where he arrived at about 8 a. m. He visited each of his di- 
visions at the front and finding that the attack was by a large 
force of the enemy he sent an order for his 3d Division to hasten 
to the field, and a request to General Buell for reenforcements. 
The Army of the Tennessee was gradually driven back until 
at sunset it occupied a position extending from the Landing 
to Snake Creek bridge. In this position it repulsed an attack 
made by the Confederates at 6 o'clock p. m. 

General Grant passed the night in bivouac with his troops, 
without shelter, and early next morning, reenforced by his 3d 
Division and by General Buell with three divisions of the 
Army of the Ohio, he renewed the battle and at 4 p. m. had 
regained possession of the entire field. 



116 Ohio at Shiloh. 

FIRST DIVISION (McClernand's). 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, 
four batteries of artillery, one battalion and two companies of 
cavalry, was ordered from Savannah to Pittsburg, March 20, 
1862, and went into camp across the main Corinth road, about 
one-half mile east of Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, 
April 6, 1862, the division formed for battle, its 1st and 2d Bri- 
gades along the Corinth road ; McAllister's battery at the north- 
west corner of the Review field; Burrows's battery at center of 
2d Brigade ; Dresser's battery at Water Oaks Pond ; Schwartz's 
battery, first to Sherman's right, then at the cross-roads. The 
division was attacked at about 9 a. m,, and was driven from its 
position along the Corinth road at about 11 a. m., with the 
loss of Burrows's battery, one gun of McAllister's battery and 
one gun of Schwartz's battery. It made its next stand at right 
angles to the center of its 2d Brigade map, where Dresser's 
battery lost four guns. The division then retired to its fourth 
line, in the camp of its 1st Brigade, where it rallied, and in a 
counter charge drove the Confederates back and recovered the 
whole of the camp of the 2d Brigade and McClernand's head- 
quarters, and captured Cobb's Kentucky battery at 12 m. It 
held this advance but a short time, when it was driven slowly 
back until at 2 p. m. it was again in the field of its 1st Brigade 
camp, where it held its fifth line until 2.30 p. m. It then re- 
tired across Tilghman Creek to its sixth line at "Cavalry field," 
where at 4.30 p. m. it repulsed a charge made by Pond's Bri- 
gade and Wharton's cavalry, and then retired to the Hamburg 
and Savannah road where, with itsi left thrown back, it 
bivouacked Sunday night. 

It advanced Monday morning over the same ground it 
fought on Sunday, and at 4 p. m. reoccupied its camps on the 
field. 



1st Brigade (Hare's). 117 

FIKST BRIGADE (Hare's). 

This brigade of four regiments, forming the right of the 
1st Division, was encamped in Jones's field. It moved from its 
camp at about 6 a. m., April 6, 1862, by the left flank and 
formed in line of battle on the ridge between the Review field 
and the Corinth road, its left in edge of Duncan field, in the fol- 
lowing order from left to right: 8th Illinois, 18th Illinois, 13th 
Iowa. The 11th Iowa detached from the brigade formed still 
further to the right, supporting Dresser's battery at the Water 
Oaks Pond. 

In this position the three left regiments were attacked about 
10 a. m. by Shaver's Brigade of Hardee's Corps, and at 11 a. m. 
were driven back across the Corinth road, the left behind the 
north side of Duncan field. This position was held until Mc- 
Clernand advanced and recovered his camp at noon. These 
regiments then retired with the division, the 13th Iowa partici- 
pating in the repulse of Wharton's cavalry on the sixth line 
at 4.30. Here Colonel Hare was wounded and Colonel M. M. 
Crocker, 13th Iowa, took command of the brigade and con- 
ducted the three regiments to bivouac near 14:th Iowa camp. 
The 11th Iowa, in support of Dresser's battery, fell back to the 
third and fourth lines with its division, and in the rally and 
recovery of camps it captured a standard from the enemy, and 
in conjunction with the 11th and 20th Illinois captured Cobb's 
battery. The regiment then fell back and at night was still 
supporting the two remaining guns of Dresser's battery, in po- 
sition at the left of the siege guns. 

On Monday this brigade was attached to Tuttle's command, 
which served as reserve for General Crittenden's Division, 
Army of the Ohio, until about 3 p. m., when it was ordered to 
the front and charged the enemy southwest of Review field, 
the 8th and 18th Illinois each capturing one gun from the 
enemy. 



118 Ohio at Shiloh. 

SECOND BKIGADE (Marsh's). 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped, with its 
left in Wolf field, in the following order of regiments from 
left to right: 45th Illinois, 48th Illinois, 20th Illinois, 11th 
Illinois. It formed line of battle on its parade ground Sun- 
day morning, April 6, 1862, and at about 8 a. m. moved out 
first to the front but immediately afterwards to the left, and 
formed along the Corinth road, its left at northwest corner 
of the Review field, its right near the cross-roads, Burrows's 
battery at the center. 

In this position the brigade was fiercely attacked by Wood's 
Brigade of Hardee's Corps, and Stewart's Brigade of Polk's 
Corps. It withstood the attack from about 10 a. m. to 11 a. m., 
when it fell back about seven hundred yards and reformed at 
right angles to the center of its camp. It held this position for 
a short time and then fell back to Jones field, where it rallied, 
and in conjunction with other troops recaptured its camp at 
about noon. In this advance the 20th and 11th Illinois, as- 
sisted by the 11th Iowa, captured Cobb's Confederate battery. 
The brigade retained possession of parts of its camps for about 
two hours, retiring slowly to Jones field, where it was en- 
gaged until 2.30 p. m., when it fell back to the Hamburg and 
Savannah road, where its three left regiments united with 
the 3d Brigade and bivouacked Sunday night just south of 
Mc Arthur's headquarters. The 11th Illinois, reduced to a 
captain and eighty men, bivouacked near the siege guns and 
was in reserve on Monday. The 20th, 45th and 48th formed 
a part of Marsh's command on Monday and advanced nearly 
west, recovering their camps at about 3 p. m. 

THIRD BRIGADE (Raith*s). 
This brigade of four regiments was camped along the 
Hamburg and Purdy road, ite right near the left of the 2d Bri- 



BLOODY POND. 

The stagnant water in this pond was surrounded on Sunday evening 
after the close of the first day's battle by hundreds of wounded men of 
both sides who crawled or hobbled there to quench their burning thirst 
and bathe their wounds; many died during the night, and when the burial 
details reached there after the battle it presented an unbroken line of dead 
men of both Blue and Gray entirely around it. 

Beyond the grove on the far side is the location of the historic Peach 
Orchard. It was here where the fierce contest took place on Sunday after- 
noon by the attempt of the Confederates to turn the Union left; charge 
and counter-charge was made until the dead of both sides covered the 
ground so thickly that the entire field could have been walked over in any 
direction by stepping on dead bodies alone. 

The whole of that terrible Sunday night was spent there by the helpless 
wounded without aid of any kind, and many died during the night without 
a friend to receive their last message, but amid the vivid lightning, the crash 
of thunder, a deluge of rain and the heavy shells of the gunboats explod- 
ing among them, they passed to that land where war is unknown and 
where man's common inheritance of error is judged by the merit of his 
honest purpose. But it may be that the voice of prophecy spoke to them 
in answer to their last prayer, telling them that their bodies would lie in 
unmarked and unknown graves, that their individual existence would be 
forgotten, their organizations alone remembered, and the great world 
would move on as though they had never lived. 

But that voice also must have told them of a reunited country, moving 
forward with mighty strides in the path of progress and civilization, and 
the differences of those who diff"ered on the great questions of that time, 
in the defense of which they sacrificed their lives and identity would be 
buried under the admiration of the world for American pluck and valor ; 
and the Blue and the Gray would clasp hands under the flag of our fathers, 
never more to be divided by factional strife. They also hear that after 
the lapse of four decades beautiful and enduring granite blocks would be 
erected, carved by the artistic skill of a new century, and standing where 
they stood so long ago, telling the people of all generations to come what 
they did there. 



3d Brigade (Raith's). 119 

gade, in the following order from left to right : 49th Illinois, 
43d Illinois, 29th Illinois, 17th Illinois. 

Colonel Reardon, senior officer present, being sick, Colonel 
Raith was informed, after his regiment was in line of battle, 
that he was to command the brigade. Under orders from divi- 
sion commander he moved the right of his brigade forward to 
Shiloh Church to the support of Sherman's left. In this posi- 
tion the brigade was attacked about 9 a. m., April 6, 1862, on 
its left flank by Wood and Stewart, and in front by Russell 
and Johnson, and was driven slowly back to the cross-roads, 
where it joined the right of the 2d Brigade. Here the 17th 
and 43d, while supporting Schwartz's battery, were subjected 
to a cross fire of artillery and lost heavily. Colonel Raith was 
mortally wounded. The 43d was surrounded and cut its way 
out, losing forty-threo men killed that were buried in one trench 
near the cross-roads. Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, who succeed- 
ed to the command of the brigade, did not hold his brigade in- 
tact. The 17th and 43d rallied at McClernand's third line 
and again at his fourth position, where they were joined by the 
49th. The 17th and 49th then retired to Hamburg and Savan- 
nah road. The 43d was engaged in the advance and retaking 
of the camp at noon, and then joined the 17th and 49th at 
Hamburg and Savannah road, where the three regiments were 
engaged at 4.30 p. m. and bivouacked Sunday night. On Mon- 
day these regiments joined Marsh's command and served with 
him until the enemy retired from the field. The 29 th was 
engaged at Cavalry field in resisting Pond's attack at 4.30 
p. m., after which it retired to the siege guns, where it re- 
mained Sunday night and Monday. McAllister's battery lost 
one gun at northwest comer of Review field, and was after- 
wards engaged in McClernand's fifth and sixth positions, at 
the landing at 6 p. m., and on Monday with Marsh's Brigade. 



120 Ohio at Shiloii. 

SECOND DIVISION (W. H. L. Wallace's). 

This division, composed of tiiree brigades of infantry, four 
batteries of artillery and four companies of cavalry, was com- 
manded by Brigadier-General C. F. Smith until April 2, 1862, 
when, on account of Smith's; disability, Brigadier-General 
W. H. L. Wallace was assigned to the command. 

The division arrived at Pittsburg Landing March 18 and 
established its camp near the river between the Corinth road 
•and Snake Creek. It formed at 8 a. m., Sunday morning, 
April 6, when the 1st and 2d Brigades and three batteries 
were conducted by Wallace to a position on Corinth road, just 
east of Duncan field, where Tuttle's Brigade wasj formed 
south of the road, and two regiments of Sweeny's Brigade on 
the north side of the road. The other regiments of Sweeny's 
Brigade were held in reserve for a time and then distributed to 
different parts of the field. McArthur's Brigade was detached 
from the division and served on other parts of the field. Bat- 
teries D, H and K, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, were placed 
on a ridge behind Tuttle's Brigade. In this position Wallace 
was attacked at about 9.30 a. m. by Shaver's Brigade, assisted 
by artillery located in the Review field. At 10.30 a. m. the 
attack was renewed by Shaver, Stephens and Stewart, fol- 
lowed at noon by four determined attacks by Gibson's Bri- 
gade. General Buggies then took charge of the Confederate 
forces in front of Wallace and assembled ten batteries and two 
sections of artillery on the west side of Duncan field, and sent 
Wood, Anderson, Stewart and Cleburne to reenforce Shaver 
in a renewed attack upon Wallace's front. At the same time 
the Union forces on Wallace's right and left retired, allowing 
the enemy to gain his :^anks and rear. Seeing that he was 
being surrounded Wallace sent his batteries to the rear and 
then attempted to move his infantry out by the flank along the 
Pittsburg road. While riding at the head of his troops and 



2d Division (W. H. L. Wallace's). 121 

near the fork of tJie Eastern Corinth road he received a mortal 
wound and was left for dead upon the field. When that part 
of the field was recovered on Monday General Wallace was 
found to be alive. He was taken to Savannah, where he died 
on the 10th. Four regiments of the division did not receive 
orders to retire in time to save themselves and were surrounded 
and captured at 5.30 p. m. The remainder of the division, 
under the command of Colonel Tuttle, retired to the right of 
the siege guns, where the troops remained in line Sunday 
night. 

On Monday the infantry, commanded by Tuttle, acted as 
reserve to Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio until 
about noon, when it advanced to front line on Crittenden's 
right and participated in all the after battles of the day. 

Battery A, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, served with McAr- 
thur's Brigade on Sunday and had three guns in action with 
Sherman on Monday. The three Missouri batteries, when 
they retired from Wallace's line at 5 p. m., reported to Col- 
onel Webster near the landing and were put in line, where they 
assisted in repelling the last Confederate attack on Sunday. 
They were not engaged on Monday. 

FIRST BRIGADE (Tuttle's). 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped near the 
river north of the Corinth road. It moved to the front Sun- 
day morning, April 6, 1862, by the Eastern Corinth road. 
When near southeast corner of Duncan field Colonel Tuttle, 
riding at the head of his brigade, discovered the enemy in the 
woods beyond the field. He at once turned the head of his 
brigade to the right and threw his regiments into line in an 
old road behind Duncan field in the following order from 
left to right: 14th Iowa, 12th Iowa, 7th Iowa, 2d Iowa, the 
right reaching to the Corinth road, the left extending one regi- 



122 Ohio at Shiloh. 

ment beyond or south of Eastern Corintli road, the three 
right regiments behind a field, the left regiment behind a 
dense thicket. About 9.30 a. m. Confederate batteries opened 
fire upon the brigade. This was soon followed by infantry 
■attack coming through the thick brush on the left. At about 
10.30 a. m. Stephens's Brigade made an attack through the 
field. He was repulsed when he reached the middle of the 
field. This was closely followed by a second attack by Steph- 
ens, assisted by General Stewart, commanding Hindman's 
Division. About noon Gibson's Brigade was sent against 
Tuttle's position and made four determined but unsuccessful 
charges, lasting until after 2 p. m., when it withdrew and 
Shaver made his third attack, in which Lieutenant-Colonel 
Dean of the Yth Arkansas was killed within a few yards of 
the front of the 14th Iowa. General Buggies then assembled 
sixty-two pieces of artillery on west side of Duncan field and 
concentrated their fire upon Tiittle and the batteries in his 
rear. At the same time Buggies sent Wood, Anderson and 
Stewart to reenforce Shaver in a renewed attack at the front. 
While meeting this attack Tuttle was ordered at 5 p. m. to 
withdraw his brigade. He gave personal direction to the 2d 
and 7th Iowa, and with them retired to the right of Hurlbut's 
Division near the siege guns where he assumed command of 
the remnant of the 2d Division and formed his line near the 
camp of the 14th Iowa. The staff officer sent by Tuttle to 
order the 12th and 14th Iowa to fall back directed the com- 
manding officers of those regiments to "about face and fall 
back slowly." Marching by the rear rank about two hundred 
yards these regiments encountered Confederate troops across 
their line of retreat. These they engaged and were forced back 
to the camp of Hurlbut's 1st Brigade, where the Confederates 
were reenforced, and the two regiments, together with two 
from the 3d Brigade and a part of Prentiss's Division, were 



1st Brigade (Tuttle's). 123 

surrounded and captured at 5.30 p. m. The 14th Iowa sur- 
rendered to the 9th Mississippi, of Chalmers Brigade, which 
had occupied the extreme right of the Confederate army. The 
12th Iowa surrendered to Colonel Looney of the 38th Ten- 
nessee, Pond's Brigade, from the extreme left of the Confed- 
erate army. 

The 2d and 7th Iowa were with Tuttle's command on 
Monday in reserve to General Crittenden. During the day 
the 2d Iowa was sent to reenforce Nelson's left, and in a 
charge across a field defeated an attempt of the enemy to turn 
the left of the Army of the Ohio. Later the 7th Iowa charged 
a battery in Crittenden's front. 

SECOND BRIGADE (McArthur's). 

This brigade, composed of five regiments, 9th Illinois, 
12th Illinois, 13th Misouri, 14th Missouri, and 81st Ohio, was 
encamped on Hamburg and Savannah road near Snake Creek. 
The first order to the brigade Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, 
disunited i+s regiments and sent them to different parts of the 
field and they were not united again until after the battle was 
over. The 13th Missouri went to Sherman, the 14th Missouri 
and 81st Ohio to guard Snake Creek bridge. General Mc- 
Arthur, with the 9th and 12th Illinois and Willard's battery, 
moved directly south along the Hamburg road to the support 
of Colonel Stuart. Finding that Stuart had moved to the left 
rear of his camps McArthur formed his command to Stuart's 
right rear just east of the peach orchard, the 9th Illinois on 
the right next the Hamburg road, the 12th Illinois to its left, 
Willard's battery in rear of the 9th. In this position Mc- 
Arthur sustained himself against Jackson's Brigade until 
about 2 p. m., when Bowen from reserve corps was sent to 
reenforce Jackson. Under this combined attack McArthur 
was compelled to fall back. The 9th Illinois, having lost fifty- 



124 Ohio at Shiloh. 

eight percent of men engaged, retired to camp for ammunition 
and repairs. It was again engaged near its camp at 4.30 p. m., 
and then joined Tuttle's command at 14th Iowa camp and 
served with him on Monday. The 12th Illinois fell back to a 
second position, where it joined the 50th Illinois, and was 
engaged until about 4 p. m., when it retired to its camp and 
passed the night. On Monday it was engaged with McCler- 
nand's command. 

The 14th Missouri was engaged Sunday in a skirmish with 
Brewer's cavalry, on the right of the Union line. On Monday 
it joined the 3d Division and supported Thompson's battery. 
The 81st Ohio remained on guard at Snake Creek bridge until 
3 p. m. It then moved south to Hurlbut's headquarters, where 
it was engaged in the 4.30 conflict on Hamburg road. It 
bivouacked on McClernand's left Sunday night and served 
with Marsh's command on Monday. The 13th Missouri joined 
McDowell's Brigade on Sunday and was engaged with it in the 
conflict with Trabue at noon. It bivouacked Sunday night 
near the 9th Illinois camp and joined Sherman on Monday. 
General McArthur was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded 
by Colonel Morton of the 81st Ohio. 

THIRD BRIGADE (Sweeny's). 

This brigade was composed of 8th Iowa, Tth Illinois, 50th 
Illinois, 52d Illinois, 5Yth Illinois, and 58th Illinois. It Avas 
encamped between the 1st and 2d Brigades and followed the 
1st Brigade Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, on the Corinth 
road to the Eastern Corinth road, where it halted in reserve. 
The 58th and Yth Illinois were at onoe moved forward to Dun- 
can field, where they formed at 9.30 a. ra., on north side of 
the Corinth road, prolonging Tuttle's line and connecting 
with McClernand's left. Soon after, the 50th Illinois was 
detached and sent to the left, where it became engaged on 



3d Brigade (Sweeny's). 125 

McArthur's left. It fell back with the 12th Illinois to po- 
sition east of the Bloody Pond, where it was joined at about 

3 p. m. by the 57th Illinois. These regiments held their posi- 
tion on the left of the army until 4 p. m., when they fell back 
and supported Stone's battery near the Landing in the last 
action of the day. About noon the 8th Iowa was put in line 
between Tuttle and Prentiss, where it supported Hickenloop- 
er's battery imtil 5 p. m. The 52d Illinois was sent about 3 
p. m. to the right. As it was moving down Tilghman Creek 
it ran into Wharton's cavalry, which was moving up the 
Creek ; a few volleys were exchanged by heads of columns, and 
then the 52d moved to the camp of the 15th Illinois and was 
there engaged in repelling Pond's 4.30 p. m. attack. It then 
retired to the siege guns. The 7th and 58th Illinois, on Tut- 
tle's right, and 8th Iowa on his left, participated in all the 
engagements described in the account of Tuttle's Brigade until 

4 p. m., when the 7th retired to McClernand's seventh line. 
The 8th loAva and 58th Illinois were surrounded and captured 
at the same time that Prentiss was captured. Coloned Sweeny 
was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded on Monday by 
Colonel Baldwin of the 57th Illinois. 

THIRD DIVISION" (Lew Wallace's). 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, two 
batteries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, was en- 
camped north of Snake Creek — the 1st Brigade at Crump's 
Landing, the 2d Brigade at Stony Lonesome, the 3d Brigade 
at Adamsville. Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, hearing 
sounds of battle up the river General Wallace ordered his com- 
mand to concentrate at Stony Lonesome where, at 11.30 a. m., 
he received orders from General Grant directing him to join 
the right of the army then engaged on the south side of Snake 
Creek. At 12 m,, leaving two regiments and one gun to 



126 Ohio at Shiloh. 

guard the public property at Crump's Landing, General Wal- 
lace started with, his 1st and 2d Brigades for the battlefield 
by the Shunpike road, which led to the right of Sherman's Di- 
vision as formed for battle in the morning. 

At about 2.30 p. m. a staff officer from General Grant 
overtook General Wallace on this road and turned him back 
to the river road by which, the 3d Brigade having fallen into 
column, his division reached the battlefield after the action of 
Sunday was over. 

The division bivouacked in line of battle facing west along 
the Savannah road north of McArthur's headquarters ; the 1st 
Brigade on the left, with Thompson's battery on its right; the 
2d Brigade in the center; the 3d Brigade on the right, with 
Thurber's battery at its center. 

At daylight Monday morning, April 7, 1862, the batteries 
of the division engaged and dislodged Ketchum's Confederate 
battery, posted in the camp of the 8th Illinois. At 6.30 a. m. 
the division, its right on Owl Creek, advanced en echelon of 
brigades, left in front, crossed Tilghman Creek, and drove the 
Confederates from their position at Oglesby's headquarters; 
then wheeling to the left against the left flank of the enemy, 
it advanced fighting, until at 4 p. m. it had pushed the Con- 
federates through the Union camps and beyond Shiloh Branch ; 
near nightfall the division retired, under orders, to General 
Sherman's camps, where it bivouacked Monday night. 

FIRST BRIGADE (Smith's). 

This brigade was encampd at Crump's Landing. It moved 
out two and one-half miles on Purdy road to Stony Lonesone 
and joined the 2d Brigade early Sunday morning, April 6, 
1862. At 12 m. it started for Shiloh by road leading south- 
westerly towards the right of Sherman's camps. At about 
2.30 p. m. the brigade was countermarched to the Adamsville 



1st Brigade (Smith's). 127 

and Pittsburg road by which it reached the battlefield about 
dark and bivouacked in front of the camp of the 14th Missouri. 
On Monday the brigade formed in Perry field near McAr- 
thur's headquarters, the 24th Indiana on the left, the 11th In- 
diana on the right, and the 8th Missouri in reserve. At about 
6.30 a. m. it advanced across Tilghman Creek and at 8 a. m. 
entered the field of Hare's Brigade camp. It crossed said field 
in a southwesterly direction, driving back the Confederate 
forces, thence through the Crescent field and to McDowell's 
Brigade camp, where it bivouacked Monday night. Losses 
during the day, 18 killed and 114 wounded. The 24th Indiana 
lost its Lieutenant-Colonel, one captain and one lieutenant, 
killed. 

SECOE-D BRIGADE (Thayer's). 
This brigade, consisting of 23d Indiana, 1st Nebraska, 
58th Ohio and 68th Ohio, was encamped at Stony Lonesome, 
two and one-half miles from the Tennessee River on the Purdy 
road. The 68th Ohio was detailed to guard the baggage, the 
other regiments of the brigade followed the 1st Brigade in its 
march tow^ards Shiloh, April 6, 1862. It counter-marched, 
from a point four and one-half miles out, to the Adamsville 
and Pittsburg road and thence via river road to the battlefield, 
where it arrived after dark and bivouacked in line of battle 
at the right of the 1st Brigade. Monday morning it formed 
en echelon in right of the l&t Brigade, the 1st !N^ebraska on 
the left, the 23d Indiana on the right and the 58th Ohio in re- 
serve. It followed the movements of the 1st Brigade through 
the day and bivouacked at night in the camp of the 46th Ohio. 

THIRD BRIGADE (Wliittlesey's). 

This brigade of four Ohio regiments, to wit, the 20th, 
56th, 76th and 78th, was encamped at Adamsville, four miles 
from Crump's. It formed in line early Sunday morning, 



128 Ohio at Shiloh. 

April 6, 1862, when firing was heard at Shiloh, with all its 
camp equipage on wagons, and remained in line until 2 p. m., 
when orders were received to join the other brigades en route 
for Shiloh. It marched on direct road towards Pittsburg, 
falling in behind the other brigades as they came back into that 
road from the counter-march. At about 4 p. m. the 56th was 
detached and ordered to go with baggage to Crump's Landing. 
The other regiments arrived on the battlefield after dark and 
bivouacked in front of the 81st Ohio. Monday morning the 
brigade formed the extreme right of Union line, its right, the 
76th, on the swamps of Owl Creek, the 78th on the left in rear 
of the right of the 2d Brigade, the 20th in reserve, until it 
crossed Tilghman Creek, when it took position on the right. 
Retaining this formation the brigade advanced, swinging to 
the left until 11 a. m., when it was transferred to left of the 
division in support of Stuart's Brigade of Sherman's Divi- 
sion. The 76th remained on the left; the other regiments 
soon returned to the right, the 20th in front line, the 78th in 
reserve. The last engagement by this brigade was between 
the 20th Ohio in the field near McDowell's headquarters, and 
Confederates at camp of 46th Ohio. The brigade bivouacked 
in camp of 6th Iowa Monday night. 

FOURTH DIVISION (Hurlbut's). 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, three 
batteries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, arrived at 
Pittsburg Landing on boats March 16, 1862. O-n the 18th it 
disembarked and established its camps about one mile from the 
river near the point where the Hamburg and Savannah road 
crosses the road from Pittsburg to Corinth. 

The division was formed about 8 a. m., Sunday morning, 
April 6, 1862, and soon after the 2d Brigade was sent to re- 
enforce General McClernand. 



4th Division (Hurlbut's). 129 

The 1st and 3d Brigades, with the artillery, moved out to 
the support of Prentiss's Division, but finding thaf Prentiss 
was falling back Hurlbut put his division in line at the Peach 
Orchard field, the 1st Brigade on the south side, the 3d Brigade 
on the west side, the batteries in the field. In this position he 
was attacked by Chalmers's and Gladden's Brigades, which 
were following Prentiss's Division, and bj Robertson's, Har- 
per's and Girardej's batteries, which were stationed in Pren- 
tiss's camps. A shell from one of these batteries blew up a 
caisson belonging to Myers's 13th Ohio battery; the men stam- 
peded, abandoning their guns and were not again in action at 
Shiloh. 

Mann's battery fought "vvith the division all day and again 
on Monday. Ross's battery did excellent service until ordered 
to fall back at 4 p. m., and was preparing to retire to the Land- 
ing when it was charged by Lindsey's Mississippi cavalry 
and captured; only two guns were saved. 

Hurlbut held his position on two sides of the peach orchard 
until about 1.30 p. m., when he was attacked by Breckinridge's 
Corps. Finding that Stuart was falling back on the left, Hurl- 
but retired to the north side of the field with his 1st Brigade 
and transferred his 3d Brigade from the right to the left flank. 
Here he maintained himself until 3 p. m., when he was again 
obliged to retire to the left of his camps. About 4 p. m. he 
found that his left was again being turned and fell back to the 
siege guns and reenforced. The 2d Brigade rejoined the divi- 
sion and all participated in the final action of the day. The 
division bivouacked in line of battle in front of the siege guns, 
and on Monday, the First and Second Brigades and Mann's 
battery formed on McClernand's left; the 3d Brigade reported 
to Sherman. All were engaged until the Confederates retired 
from the fi.eld. 



130 Ohio at Shiloh. 

FIRST BRIGADE (Williams's). 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped across the 
Corinth road one and one-fourth miles from the river. On 
Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, at about 8 o'clock, it moved 
out on the Hamburg road and formed line of battle along the 
south side of the Peach Orchard field in the following order 
from left to right: 41st Illinois, 28th Illinois, 32d Illinois, 3d 
Iowa. In this position it was attacked by skirmishers from 
Chalmers' Brigade and by artillery fire, by which Colonel Wil- 
liams was disabled and the command of the brigade passed to 
Colonel Pugh, 41st Illinois. Chalmers's Brigade was with- 
drawn and Colonel Pugh retired his brigade to the center of 
the field, where he was attacked at about 1.30 p. m. by Stath- 
am's and Stephens's Brigades, and at 2.30 was driven back to 
the north side of the field. The 3 2d Illinois was transferred 
to the left of the brigade east of Hamburg road and lost its 
Lieutenant-Colonel Ross, killed. As the left of the line was 
driven back Colonel Pugh again fell back to the Wicker field, 
where he held his line until 4 p. m., when the brigade retired 
under Hurlbut's orders to position near siege guns, where it 
remained in line Sunday night. The 3d Iowa, occupying the 
right of Hurlbut's line, connected with Prentiss and remained 
until about 5 p. m., then retired through its camp and along 
Pittsburg road just before the Confederates closed their line 
behind Prentiss. Major Stone, commanding the regiment, 
was captured ; other casualties of the day among the officers 
left the regiment in command of Lieutenant Crosley. He 
joined his command to the 13th Iowa, in the last action of the 
day, and then reported to his brigade commander. He com- 
manded the regiment in action with his brigade the next day. 
On Monday the brigade formed on McClernand's left and was 
engaged until noon. 



2d Brigade (Veatch's). 131 

SECOND BRIGADE (Veatcli's). 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped across the 
Hamiburg and Savannah road, north of the Corinth road. It 
was sent April 6, 1862, to reenforce McClernand, and moved 
out along the Corinth road and formed in line behind Marsh's 
Brigade at about 9 a. m. in the following order from left to 
right: 25th Indiana, 14th Illinois, 46th Illinois, 15th Illinois. 
It became engaged at about 10.30 a. m. and at 11 a. m. was 
compelled to retire. The 25th Indiana and 14th Illinois fell 
back two hundred yards, changing front to rear on left com- 
panies and formed along the road that runs from Review field 
past McClernand's headquarters. A little later they retired to 
the right of Hare's Brigade, where they held their position 
until afternoon, when they fell back to McClernand's sixth 
line, where they wei*e engaged in Pond's repulse at 4.30 p. m., 
after which they joined Hurlbut in his last position on Sunday. 

The 15th Illinois lost all its field oflicers and several cap- 
tains at first position and retired at 11 a. m. to the Jones field, 
where it was joined by the 46th Illinois in supporting Barrett's 
battery. These two regiments joined McDowell's left in the 
advance at 12 m. and continued in line until 1 p. m., when they 
retired, the 15th Illinois to join Hurlbut, the 46th Illinois to 
its camp for dinner. Later the 46th joined Marsh's com- 
mand on the Hamburg road, and assisted in the final action 
of the day, and was with Marsh's command on Monday. The 
14th and 15th Illinois and 25th Indiana under Colonel Veatch 
formed the left of the Army of the Tennessee on Monday 
and joined McCook's right until about 11 a. m., when they 
crossed the Corinth road near Duncan's and was engaged in 
Review field and in front line until 4 p. m. 

THIRD BRIGADE (Lauman^s). 

This brigade had formerly belonged to the Army of the 
Ohio, where it was known aS' Cruft's Brisiade. It was sent 



132 Ohio at Shiloh. 

from that army to reenforce Grant at Fort Donelson and had 
remained with the Army of the Tennessee. General Lauman 
was assigned to the command, April 5, 1862. Its camp was on 
the south side of Dill branch, its right at the Hamburg road. 
About 8 a. m., Sunday, April 6, 1862, it moved out to the west 
side of the Peach Orchard field and formed line with its right 
in the woods^ near the head of Tilghman Creek. The order of 
its regiments from left to right was: 17th Kentucky, 25th 
Kentucky, 44th Indiana, 31st Indiana. About 9 a. m. it was 
attacked through the timber on its right by Gladden's Bri- 
gade, closely followed in succession by attacks upon its whole 
line by Stephens's Brigade and the right of Gibson's Brigade. 
One of the features of the battle at this place was the burning 
of the kaves and brush in the woods where the wounded were 

lying. 

About 2 p. m. the brigade was transferred to the left and 
formed in open woods just east of the Hamburg road, the 31st 
Indiana in reserve on the left flank. This position was held 
until about 4 p. m., when the brigade retired with its division 
to the siege guns. After the action for the day had closed it 
moved one hundred and fifty yards to front and bivouacked for 
the night. On Monday at 10 a. m. it reported to Sherman and 
served with him until close of the battle. 

FIFTH DIVISION" (Sherman's). 

This division of four brigades of infantry, three batteries 
of artillery, two battalions and two independent companies of 
cavalry, was organized at Paducah about the first of March, 
1862. It went up the Tennessee River to the mouth of Yel- 
low Creek, and returned to Pittsburg March 16, disembarked 
and marched out to Monterey, returned to Pittsburg and es- 
tablished its camps on the 19th along the Hamburg and Purdy 
road, its center at Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, April 



5th Division (Sherman's). 133 

6, 1862, the division formed in front of its camps where its 
3d and 4th Brigades became engaged at 7.30 a. m. These bri- 
gades, reenforced by Raith's brigade of the 1st Division, held 
the line until 10 a. m., when Sherman attempted to fall back to 
the Purdy road. In this movement his 3d and 4th Brigades 
became disorganized and retired to Hamburg and Savannah 
road, only parts of regiments remaining in line. McDowell's 
Brigade, when ordered at 10 a. m. to fall back, became en- 
gaged in Crescent field and afterwards on McClernand's right 
until about 2 p. m. 

Stuart's Brigade was engaged with Chalmers on the ex- 
treme left until 2 p. m. Barrett's battery formed in front of 
Shiloh Church and opened fire at 7.30 a. m. ; then at 10 a. m. 
retired to Jones field, where it was engaged until 2 p. m., 
when it retired to the river. Waterhouse's battery went into 
action at 7 a. m., with two guns at Rhea house ; these soon re- 
tired to main battery, one hundred and fifty yards in the rear, 
where the full battery remained in action until 10 a. m., 
when it was outflanked and lost three guns; the remainder of 
the battery was retired, disabled, from the field. Behr's bat- 
tery was with McDowell's Brigade, one gun guarding the 
bridge at Owl Creek. When Sherman ordered McDowell to 
join his other brigades near Shiloh Church, Captain Behr 
moved five guns down the road and was directing them into 
battery when he was killed; his men stampeded, leaving the 
guns on the field. The gun at Owl Creek served with Mc- 
Dowell in his first engagement, then retired. 

On Monday Stuart's and Buckland's Brigades were en- 
gaged on the left of Lew Wallace all day. Sherman was 
wounded on Sunday, but kept the field until the enemy re- 
tired on Monday. 



134 Ohio at Shiloh. 

FIRST BRIGADE (McDowell's). 

This brigade of three regiments was encamped on the Ham- 
burg and Purdj road, its right on the high ground near Owl 
Creek, in the following order from left to right : 40th Illinois, 
46th Ohio, 6th Iowa. At the first alarm Sunday morning, 
April 6, 1862, each regiment formed upon its color line. Two 
companies of the 6th Iowa, with one gim of Behr's battery, 
were on guard at the bridge over Owl Creek. About 8 a. m. the 
brigade was advanced to the brow of the hill overlooking 
Shiloh Branch, the 40th Illinois joining the right of Buck- 
land's Brigade. After a skirmish with Pond's Brigade, Mc- 
Dowell was ordered at 10 a. m. to retire to the Purdy road 
■and move to the left to connect with Buckland's Brigade near 
the cross-roads. In obedience to this order the brigade aban- 
doned its camp without a contest and moved by the left flank 
past McDowell's headquarters, when it was discovered that 
the Confederates occupied the road between this brigade and 
Buckland's. McDowell then moved directly north and put his 
brigade in line on the west side of Crescent field facing east, 
where he engaged and drove back the force of the enemy mov- 
ing into said field. The brigade then moved northeasterly and 
into Sewell field facing south, its left at Sewell house, where it 
connected with McClernand at 11.30 a. m., and advanced with 
Tiim to the center of Marsh's Brigade camp. Here the 6th 
Iowa was transferred from right to center of brigade and 13th 
Missouri placed between the 40th Illinois and 6th Iowa, the 
46th Ohio slightly in rear and to the extreme right of the line. 

At about 12 m. the brigade was attacked on its right flank 
by Trabue. In an engagement lasting until 1.30 p. m. the 
6th Iowa had 52 killed. They were buried in one grave where 
they fell. The 46th Ohio had 246 killed and wounded; the 
40th Illinois 216 killed and wounded. The brigade com- 
mander was thrown from his horse and disabled. At 2.30 




5.^ .- S^ 



- " ^ t« 



, 1st Brigade (McDowell's). 135 

p. m. the brigade retired to the Landing and later formed be- 
hind Ilurlbut. On Monday the 6tli Iowa and 40th Illinois 
were attached to Garfield's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio, 
and remained with him until Wednesday, but were not en- 
gaged. 

SECOND BRIGADE (Stuart's). 

This brigade of three regiments was encamped at the junc- 
tion of Hamburg and Purdy road with the Hamburg and Sa- 
vannah road in the following order from left to right: 55th 
Illinois, 54th Ohio, Ylst Ohio, a company from each regi- 
ment on picket, one at Lick Creek ford, two on Bark road. 
These pickets gave warning about 8 a. m., April 6, 1862, of 
the approach of the enemy. 

Stuart formed his brigade on regimental color line, but 
finding that he was exposed to artillery fire from batteries on 
bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, and obeying orders to 
guard Lick Creek ford, he moved at 10 a. m. to his left, plac- 
ing the 54th Ohio on his left behind McCuller's field, the 
55th Illinois next to right and the 71st Ohio with its right 
behind the left of the 55th Illinois camp. Chalmers placed 
his brigade in line on the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek 
and, after clearing Stuart's camps with his artillery, moved 
across the Creek and attacked the 54th Ohio and 55th Illinois 
in position. After a short conflict Stuart withdrew to a ridge 
running due east from his headquarters. The right, Ylst Ohio, 
occupying the buildings used as Stuart's headquarters was here 
attacked by the right of Jackson's Brigade and very soon re- 
tired, leaving a captain and fifty men prisoners. One part of 
the regiment under the Major passed down a ravine to the 
Tennessee River, where they were picked up by a gunboat; 
another part retired to the Landing, where they joined the bri- 
gade at night 



136 Ohio at Shiloh. 

The 54th Ohio and 55th Illinois, with Stuart in command, 
succesafullj resisted the attacks of Chalmers until 2 p. m., 
when their ammunition was exhausted and they were obliged 
to fall back to the Landing, where they reformed at the log 
house, the 54th Ohio in what is now the cemetry, the 55th Il- 
linois to its right supporting Silversparre's battery, when they 
were engaged in resisting Chalmers's Sunday evening attack. 
Stuart was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded on Monday 
by Colonel T. Kilby Smith who, with the 54th Ohio and 55th 
Illinois, joined Sherman's command and fought on right next 
to Lew Wallace all day. 

THIRD BRIGADE (Hildebrand's). 

This brigade was encamped with its right, the 77th Ohio, 
at Shiloh Church ; its left, the 53d Ohio, near the Rhea house, 
and separated from the 57'th Ohio by a small stream with 
marshy margins. About 7 a. m., April 6, 1862, the brigade 
formed to meet the attack of the enemy, the 57th and 77th in 
advance of their camps in the valley of Shiloh Branch. The 
53d, being threatened by an attack in left flank, formed its line 
perpendicularly to the left of the camp. While in this posi- 
tion the brigade was attacked from the front by Cleburne's 
and Wood's Brigades. This attack falling upon the exposed 
flank of the 53d Ohio, compelled it to change front to the rear 
on left company and form a new line in rear of its camp. 
Attacked in this position the regiment fell back disorganized, 
passing to the rear around the flank of the 49th Illinois, eight 
companies going to the landing at once, two companies, under 
the Adjutant, joining the 17th Illinois. The eight companies 
were reformed near the landing by the Major and supported 
Bouton's battery in McClernand's seventh line, and on Monday 
advanced with Marsh's command. 



3d Brigade (Hildebrand's). 137 

The 57tli and 77th were reenforced by Raith'& Brigade of 
the 1st Division and held their position for some time, when 
they too fell back disorganized and were not again in line as 
regiments. Colonel Hildebrand acted as aide for General Mc- 
Clernand during Sunday. 



FOURTH BRIGADE (Buckland's). 

This brigade was encamped with its left at Shiloh Church 
in the following order from left to right: 70th Ohio, 48th 
Ohio, 72d Ohio, It formed for battle Sunday morning, April 
6, 1862, about two hundred yards in front of its camps, where 
it withstood the attacks of Cleburne, Anderson and Johnson 
until 10 a. m. Its right flank was then threatened by Pond 
and Trabue, and it was ordered to fall back to the Purdy road. 
In making this movement the brigade was disorganized and 
scattered. The Colonel of the 70th Ohio with a portion of his 
regiment joined the 3d Brigade of McClemand's Division and 
fell back with it to Jones field, where it joined McDowell's 
Brigade and was engaged with it until 1 p. m., when it retired 
to the Hamburg road. The Adjutant and forty men of the 
70th joined the 11th Illinois and fought with it until night. 
The 48th and 72d retired to Hamburg road, where Colonel 
Buckland reorganized his brigade and was engaged in the 
4.30 p. m. affair, after which the 48th retired to the river for 
ammunition and spent the night in line near the log house, the 
70th and 72d passing the night in bivouac near McArthur's 
headquarters. 

On Monday the brigade was reunited and with Stuart's Bri- 
gade formed Sherman's line that advanced to the left of Mc- 
Clemand's camp, thence southwesterly along the front of said 
camps to Shiloh Church, where the brigade reoccupied their 
camps at about 4 p. m. 



138 Ohio at Shiloh. 

SIXTH DIVISIOI^ (Prentiss's). 

On the 26th day of March, 1862, General Grant, by Spe- 
cial Order, I^o. 36, assigned Greneral Prentiss to the command of 
unattached troops then arriving at Pittsburg Landing, with 
directions to organize these regiments as they arrived upon the 
field into brigades and the brigades into a division, to be 
designated the 6th Division. 

Under this order one brigade of four regiments, command- 
ed by Colonel Peabody, had been organized and was encamped 
on west side of the Eastern Corinth road four hundred yards 
south of the Barnes field. Another brigade, commanded by 
Colonel Miller, 18th Missouri, was partially organized. Three 
regiments had reported and were in camp on the east side of 
the Eastern Corinth road. Other regiments on their way up 
the river had been ordered to report to General Prentiss, but 
had not arrived. 

The 16th Iowa arrived on the field on the 5th and sent its 
morning report to General Prentiss in time to have it included 
in his report of present for duty that day — it was not fully 
equipped and did not disembark from the boat until morning 
of the 6th. The 15th Iowa and 23d Missouri arrived at 
the Landing Sunday morning, April 6, 1862. The 23d Mis- 
souri reported to General Prentiss at his third position about 
9.30 a. m., and was placed in line at once as part of his com- 
mand. The 15th and 16th Iowa were, by General Grant's 
order, sent to the right to reenforce McClernand. They re- 
ported to him at his fifth line in Jones field and were hotly en- 
gaged from about 1 p. m. to 2.30 p. m. Hickenlooper's 5th 
Ohio Battery and Munch's 1st Minnesota Battery and two bat- 
talions of the 11th Illinois cavalry had been assigned to the 
division and were encamped in rear of the iiLfantry. One 
company from each regiment was on picket one mile in front 
of the camps. On Saturday, April 5, a reconnoitering party 



6th Division (Pkentiss's). 139 

under Colonel Moore, 21st Missouri were sent out to the front. 
Colonel Moore reported Confederate cavalry in front, and 
-some evidences of an infantry force in front, but be failed to 
develop a regular line of the enem;y . Prentiss doubled his pick- 
ets and at 3 a. m. Sunday sent out another party of three com- 
panies of the 25th Missouri under Major Powell to recon- 
noiter well to the front. This party encountered the Confeder- 
ate picket under Major Hardcastle in Fraley field at 4.55 a. m. 
These pickets at once engaged and continued their fire until 
about 6.30 a. m., when the advance of the main line of Har- 
dee's: Corps drove Powell back. 

General Prentiss hearing the firing formed his division at 
'6 a. m. and sent Peabody's Brigade in advance of his camp to 
relieve the retiring pickets and posted Miller's Brigade three 
hundred yards in front of his camp with batteries in the field 
at right and left of the Eastern Corinth road. In this posd- 
tion the division was attacked at 8 a. m. by the brigades of 
Gladden, Shaver, Chalmers and Wood and driv<en back to its 
camp where the contest was renewed. At 9 a. m. Prentiss 
was compelled to abandon his camp and fall back to this third 
position, which he occupied at 9.05 a. m., in an old road 
between the divisions of Hurlbut and W. H. L. Wallace. Hick- 
cnlooper lost two guns in first position and Munch had two dis- 
abled ; each brought four guns into the line at the Hornet's 
Nest. Prentiss was here joined by the 23d Missouri, which 
gave him about 1,000 men at his third position. With this 
force he held his line against the attacks of Shaver, Stephens 
and Gibson, as described in account of Tucker's Brigade, until 
4 p. m., when Hurlbut fell back and Prentiss was obliged to 
swing his division back at right angles to Tuttle, in order to 
protect the left flank. When Tuttle's left regiment marched 
to the rear Prentiss fell back behind them towards the Corinth 
road and was surrounded and captured at 5.30 p. nu near the 



140 Ohio at Shiloh. 

forks of the Eastern Corinth road. Hickenlooper and Munch 
withdrew just before they were surrounded, Hickenlooper re- 
porting to Sherman and becoming engaged in the 4.30 action 
on Hamburg road. Munch reported to Colonel Webster and 
was in position at the mouth of Dill Branch, where it assisted 
in repelling last attack Sunday night. 

FIRST BRIGADE (Peabody's). 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped on west side 
of Eastern Corinth road about one-half mile south of Ham- 
burg and Purdy road in the following order from left to right : 
16th Wisconsin, 21st Missouri, 12th Michigan, 25th Missouri. 
Three companies of the 25th Missouri under its Major, Powell, 
were sent out at 3. a. m., April 6, 1862, to reconnoiter. Mov- 
ing isouthwest from camp Powell passed between the Rhea 
and Seay fields and into the main Corinth road, where one of 
Sherman's picket posts was stationed. Beyond the picket and 
near the southeast corner of Fraley field he encountered Con- 
federate pickets and was fired upon at 4.55 a. m. After an 
engagement of over an hour Powell fell back before the ad- 
vance of Wood's Brigade to the Seay field, where he was re- 
enforced by Colonel Moore with his regiment, the 21st Mis- 
souri and four companies of the 16th Wisconsin. Colonel 
Moore took command, but was soon severely wounded and 
Captain Saxe, 16th Wisconsin, was killed. Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Woody ard, 21st Missouri, assumed command and was en- 
gaged about one hour, when he fell back to Rhea field, where 
he was met by Colonel Peabody and the remainder of the bri- 
gade. Peabody held the Confederates in check until 8 a. m., 
when he fell back to his camp. Here he was attacked by the 
brigade of Shaver and the right of Wood's Brigade. Peabody 
was killed and the brigade forced to abandon its camp at 9 
a. m. The brigade organization was broken up, a part retir- 



1st Brigade (Peabody's). 141 

ing through McClernand's lines and about two hundred of the 
21st Missouri and one hundred of the 12th Michigan joined 
Prentiss at his third position, where they were surrounded and 
most of them captured at 5.30 p. m. Sunday. 

SECOND BKIGADE (Miller's). 

This brigade had three regiments in camp, a fourth as- 
signed and reported but not yet in camp. The regiments were 
encamped between the Eastern Corinth road and Locust Grove 
in the following order from left to right: 18th Wisconsin, 
61st Illinois, 18th Missouri. The 16th Iowa arrived at the 
Landing on Saturday, April 5, 1862. The Colonel reported 
for duty and handed in his morning report, so that his regi- 
ment is( included in Miller's report of present for duty. Not 
being fully equipped the regiment did not go to camp, but re- 
mained at Landing. On Sunday it, with 15th Iowa, was by 
order of General Grant held for a time near the Landing to 
stop stragglers, and then sent to reenforce McClemand at his 
fourth line, where they were engaged and lost heavily. 

The 18th Wisconsin arrived on the field on Saturday after- 
noon and went at once into camp, but did not get into the morn- 
ing report of that day and are not included in Miller's present 
for duty. The brigade was formed for battle Sunday morn- 
ing at 6 o'clock, three hundred yards in front of its camp, at 
the south Slide of Spain field, where it was attacked by Gladden 
and Chalmers at 8 a. m. and was driven back into camp, and 
at 9 a. m. was compelled to abandon its camp. Parts of the 
18th Wisconsin and 18th Missouri, about three hundred men, 
formed with Prentiss at his third position and remained with 
him until captured at 5.30 p. m. The 61st Illinois passed 
beyond or through Hurlbut's line and was in reserve behind 
that division all day Sunday, except about an hour, when it 
relieved a regiment in front line. 



142 Ohio at Shiloh. 

UNASSIGNED. 

The 15th Michigan arrived at Pittsburg Landing April 6, 
1862. Arms had been issued to the men, but no ammuni- 
tion had been supplied. The regiment moved out upon the 
field early Sunday morning and formed line and stacked knap- 
sacks at the left of the 18th Wisconsin in Locust Grove just 
as Chalmers appeared in front and moved to the attack. Fail- 
ing to obtain ammunition Colonel Oliver ordered his men to 
fix bayonets as if to charge the approaching Confederates, but 
reconsidered and about-faced his men and returned to the 
Landing where he obtained ammunition and again joined the 
fighting line at some place not now determined. On Monday 
morning the regiment joined Rousseau's Brigade of the Army 
of the Ohio and fought with conspicuous gallantry all day. 

The 14th Wisconsin arrived upon the field Sunday night 
and on Monday joined Smith's Brigade of the Army of the 
Ohio and served with it all day. It assisted in the capture of a 
battery, one gun of which was awarded to this regiment and 
sent to the Stat© of Wisconsin. 

Silversparre's battery H, 1st Illinois, arrived upon the 
field Sunday, April 6. Its guns were four 20-pounder Par- 
rotts. Horses had not been supplied. The men got the guns 
up the bank and placed them in battery in front of the log 
house, where they were engaged Sunday evening. 

Bouton's Battery, I, 1st Illinois, arrived at Pittsburg Sun- 
day morning fully equipped but without drill and with horses 
that had never been harnessed to a gun. The battery was taken 
ashore and reported to Sherman and rendered good service in 
repelling last attack upon his line at 4.30 p. m. It remained 
with Sherman on Monday all day and received special men- 
tion by Colonel Gibson of the Army of the Ohio. 

SIEGE GUNS. Battery B, 2d Illinois. The guns be- 
longing to this battery were, under the direction of Colonel 



Unassioned. 143 

Webster, gotten ashore Sunday afternoon and placed in posi- 
tion one-fourth of a mile west of the log house, where they 
formed a rallying point for all troops coming back from the 
front 

POWELL'S BATTERY, F, 2d Illinois, was encamped 
near the Landing awaiting an assignment which Captain Pow- 
ell understood would place him in McClernand's Division. 
After waiting some time on Sunday morning for orders Pow- 
ell attempted to take his battery to McClernand. He moved 
out along the Corinth road, passing through Sweeny's troops, 
at east side of Duncan field and arriving near the Duncan 
house after Hare's Brigade had fallen back, found himself sud- 
denly in close proximity to the Confederate line of battle. In 
retiring one gun was upset and left just behind the Duncan 
field. W^ith five guns Powell reported to W. H. L. Wallace 
near the left of his line, where he was engaged until about 
5 o'clock, when Captain Powell was wounded and his battery 
retired to its camp, where it was engaged at 6 p. m. in the final 
action of Sunday. 

MARGRAF'S 8th OHIO BATTERY arrived at the 
Landing the last of March. By an order issued April 2 it had 
been assigned to the 3d Division, but had not reported to that 
division. The only official report of its action is given in the 
report, of 1st Minnesota which says that "8th Ohio was on its 
left in the action of 6 p. m., Sunday, at mouth of Dill Branch." 



144 . Ohio at Shiloh. 



Army of the OhiOt 



SOON after the consolidation of the Departments of the 
Ohio and Missouri General Halleck ordered General Buell 
to move his army from ISTashville to Savannah, Tennessee, and 
form junction with the Army of the Tennessee. Upon General 
Buell's suggestion to march his army across the country rather 
than transfer it by boats it was so ordered, and General Buell 
with the advance of his army reached Savannah, Tenn., April 
5, 1862. Early Sunday, April 6, General Grant informed 
General Buell by note^ of the situation at Shiloh and ordered 
General J^elson^ to march his division up the east side of the 
Tennessee to a point opposite Pittsburg Landing, where boats 
would be found to ferry him across the river. General Buell 
and staff reached Pittsburg Landing by boat between 2 and 3 
o'clock. Ammen's Brigade, the advance of ISTelson's Division, 
arrived upon the field at about 6.30 p. m., a part of it engaging 
in the repulse of the Confederates in the last attack of Sun- 
day. During the night the remainder of !N^elson'& Division and 
Crittenden's Division arrived on the field, and early Monday 
morning two brigades of McCook's Division reached the Land- 
ing. 

In the action of the Yth the Army of the Ohio occupied the 
left of the Union line, extending in a semi-circle from the 
Tennessee River, south of Dili Branch, to north side of the 
Corinth road one mile from the Landing, l^elson's Division on 

1 109 W. R., 232. 

2 11 W. R., 95. 



Akmy of the Ohio. 146 

the left, Crittenden in the center, McCook on the right. "The 
enemy on a line slightly oblique to our& and beyond open fields 
with a battery in front of l^elson's left, a battery in front of 
Crittenden's left, a battery in front of Crittenden's right and 
McCook's left and another battery in front of McCook's right. 
A short distance in rear of the enemy's left were the encamp- 
ments of McClernand's and Sherman's Divisions which the 
enemy held. While troop& were getting into position Menden- 
hall's battery engaged the enemy's second battery with some 
effect. Bartlett's battery engaged the enemy's third battery." 

The divisions of the Army of the Ohio moved fonvard pre- 
serving their relative positions in line and became engaged 
about 8 a. m. They advanced slowly until about 2 p. m., 
when Wood's Division arrived just as the final retreat of the 
Confederates' began. In the forward movement McCook's Di- 
vision kept the main Corinth road, Crittenden's Division about 
the direction of the Eastern Corinth road. This separated 
these divisions, so that at about 11 a. m. Veatch and Tuttle 
from the Army of the Tennessee were moved into the interval 
between McCook and Crittenden and became engaged in the 
Review field. At 4 p. m. the Confederates had retired from the 
field and the Army of the Ohio bivouacked on a line extending 
from Stuart's camps through Prentiss's camps to near Shiloh 
Church. 

Terrill's Battery, H, 5th U. S., belonging to McCook's Di- 
vision, was detached for service with Nelson and was in action 
on Hamburg road and at the Peach Orchard. 

FOURTH DIVISION" (:N'elson's). 

The head of this division arrived opposite to Pittsburg 
Landing about 5 p. m., April 6, 1862. One brigade, Ammen's, 
crossed the river and parts of the 36th Indiana and 6th Ohio 
were engaged in the closing action of Sunday. At 9 p. m. the 



146 Ohio at Shiloh. 

entire division had crossed the Tennessee River and formed 
along the north side of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sun- 
day night with pickets across the branch. At 5.30 a. m. on the 
7th the division advanced and at 7 a. m. formed on the south 
side of the branch and awaited the completion of the line. At 
8 a. m. it attacked the Confederates in the Peach Orchard, Men- 
denhall's battery with the right and Terrill's battery with the 
left. The division gained the south side of the Peach Orchard 
at 2 p. m., the Confederates retiring. This closed the conflict 
on the left. The division remained in line until night and 
bivouacked with its left in Stuart's camps, its right near Pren- 
tiss's headquarters. 

TEIs^TH BRIGADE (Ammen's). 

This brigade, composed of 36th Indiana, 6th and 24th 
Ohio, crossed the Tennessee River at 5.30 p. m., Sunday, April 
6, 1862. Eight companies of the 36th Indiana and four com- 
panies of the 6th Ohio were formed one-quarter mile in front 
of the log house in support of Stone's battery, "the left in a 
ravine parallel with the Tennessee River and having water in 
it." These companies participated in the final repulse of the 
Confederates Sunday night. The 24th Ohio was sent one-half 
mile to the right, but did not become engaged. After the re- 
pulse of the enemy the brigade formed three hundred yards in 
advance on the crest of the bluffs of Dill Branch, where it 
bivouacked Sunday night. On Monday it formed line of bat- 
tle with the 36th Indiana on the left, the 6th Ohio on the 
right, and the 24th Ohio in reserve, and at 5.30 a. m. crossed 
the ravine and at 8 a. m. became engaged on the extreme left 
of the Union line, near the Tennessee River. At about 11 
a, m. Ammen's advance was checked by an attempt of Con- 
federates to turn hl& left. He was reenforced by 2d Iowa and 
another regiment and repulsed the attack. He reached Stu- 



10th Brigade (Ammen's). 147 

art's camp at about 1 p. m., but was driven back. At 2 p. m. 
this camp wa3 again taken, the Confederates retiring from this 
part of the field. 

NINETEENTH BRIGADE (Hazen's). 
This brigade' reached the battlefield at 9 p. m., April 6, 
1862, and bivouacked on the right of the division south of the 
siege gun battery, in the following order: the 9th Indiana on 
the left, the 6th Kentucky on the right, the 41st Ohio in re- 
serve. The brigade advanced at 5.30 a. m., April 7, and 
became engaged about 6 a. m. at Wicker field. The 9th Indiana 
lost heavily at the house on the north side of the peach orchard. 
The brigade then advanced to the wheat field, where a battery 
was captured, its guns spiked by the 41st Ohio. This advanced 
position was held only a few minutes, the brigade falling back 
somewhat disorganized to Wicker field, from which it advanced 
at 2 p. m. across the west side of Peach Orchard and took posi- 
tion near Prentiss's headquarters. It was not again engaged, 
and bivouacked there Monday night. 

TWENTY-SECOND BRIGADE (Bruce's). 

This brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing at about 6 
o'clock Sunday evening, April 6, 1862. It bivouacked be- 
tween the 10th and 19th brigades, the 2d Kentucky on the left, 
the 1st Kentucky on the right, the 26th Kentucky in reserve. 
It held the center of the division all day and was engaged in a 
charge across the Peach Orchard in which a battery was cap- 
tured and lost again. At 2 p. m. the enemy retired and this 
brigade took position on south side of Peach Orchard, where 
it bivouacked Monday night. 

FIFTH DIVISION (Crittenden's). 

This division, consisting of 11th and 14th Brigades, Men- 
denhall's and Bartlett's batteries, came from Savannah on 



148 Ohio at Shiloh. 

boats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing during the night of Sun- 
day, April 6, 1862, and bivouacked along the Corinth road in 
rear of Nelson's Division. Early Monday morning it moved 
out and formed line in front of the camps of the 32d and 41&t 
Illinois, joining Nelson's right, the 14th Brigade in front line, 
the 11th Brigade in reserve. At about 8 a. m. the division 
advanced and soon after became engaged at the position held 
by Prentiss and Tuttle on Sunday. Bartlett's battery on 
the right, near fork of Eastern Corinth road, was engaged until 
12 noon, when it retired to the Landing for ammunition. Men- 
denhall's battery was engaged on Nelson's right until after- 
noon when it took position in rear of the 5th Division and was 
there engaged until close of action. 

The division was engaged along the Eastern Corinth road, 
east of Duncan field, about four hours, in which time both bri- 
gades and all its regiments were repeatedly engaged. It ad- 
vanced, capturing some guns, was repulsed and driven back to 
the road several times. At about 2 p. m. it gained and held 
the Hamburg and Purdy road which ended the fighting on this 
part of the line. It bivouacked Monday night in front of 
Prentiss's camps. 

ELEVENTH BRIGADE (Boyle's). 

This brigade formed in rear of the 14th Brigade at 8 a. m., 
Monday, April 7, near Hurlbut's headquarters, in the follow- 
ing order from left to right: 9th Kentucky, 13th Kentucky, 
19th Ohio, the 59th Ohio in reserve. At about 10 a. m. it 
became engaged at the east side of Duncan field, the 19th Ohio 
in front of Bartlett's battery. The brigade relieved the 14th 
Brigade and was engaged on front line in two or three en- 
gagements and finally took position on right of the 14th and 
held it until night. The 19th Ohio was at 12 m. sent to the 
support of Nelson's Division and was engaged in the Peach 
Orchard. 



14th Brigade (Smith''s). 149 

FOURTEENTH BRIGADE (Smith's). 

This brigade formed in front of the camps of the 3 2d and 
41st Illinois at 8 a. m., Monday, April 7, 1862, in the follow- 
ing order: 13th Ohio on the left, 26th Kentucky on the right, 
the 11th Kentucky in reserve. The 14th Wisconsin was at- 
tached temporarily to the brigade and placed on the right of 
the 26th Kentucky. It served with the brigade all day. The 
brigade advanced with its right on Eastern Corinth road and 
became engaged along the sunken road where Tuttle and Pren- 
tiss fought on Sunday. It advanced through the thick brush 
and assisted in the capture of a battery in the wheat field, but 
was obliged to abandon it and return to old road. In the final 
action about 2 p. m. it captured some guns of another battery 
which were successfully held as trophies by the brigade. 

SECOND DIVISION (McCook's). 

The advance of this division, Rousseau's Brigade, reached 
Pittsburg Landing Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and took 
its place in line of battle at 8 a. m. on Crittenden's right. 
Kirk's Brigade formed in rear of Rousseau. These brigades 
were joined by Gibson's about noon. The advance of the 
division was along the Corinth road to the Water Oaks Pond, 
where it was engaged at noon. Its last engagement was at 
Sherman's headquarters, from which point the Confederates 
retired from the field. 

Terrill's battery belonging to this division was engaged on 
Nelson's left until 2 p. m., when it moved toward the right and 
engaged a battery in McCook's front. 

FOURTH BRIGADE (Rousseau's). 

The brigade formed in line of battle on Crittenden's right 
at 8 a. m., April Y, 1862, in front of the camp of the 3d Iowa, 
in the following order : the 6th Indiana on the left, 1st Ohio in 



160 Ohio at Shiloii. 

the center, 1st Battalions of 19th, 15th and 16th U. S. Infan- 
try on the right, the 5th Kentucky in resen'e. The 15th jMichi- 
gan was attached temporarily to this brigade and served with 
it all day. At 9 a. m. the brigade advanced across Tilghman 
Creek and engaged Trabue's Brigade until about 11 a. m., 
when Trabue retired and Bousseau advanced to Woolf field, 
where he found a force of the enemy on the west side. His 
ammunition being exhausted Rousseau retired and Kirk's Bri- 
gade took his place in first line. As soon as ammunition was 
supplied E-ousseau took position again in front line and en- 
gaged enemy until he retired from the field. 

FIFTH BRIGADE (Kirk's). 

This brigade was in rear of Rousseau until about noon 
when it relieved that brigade and formed in front line behind 
the Water Oaks Pond in the following order: 3-lth Illinois on 
the left, 30th Indiana in the center, 29th Indiana on the right. 
The VTth Pennsylvania was detached to the left, where it was 
twice charged by cavalry. Later, in its advance, the 77th cap- 
tured Colonel Battle, 20th Tennessee. The 34th Illinois in 
the first advance passed directly through "Water Oaks Pond, 
but its commander, Major Levanway, was killed and Colonel 
Kirk, commanding the brigade, was wounded. The engage- 
ment here was the last effort of the Confederates to hold their 
line and closed the fighting for the day. 

SIXTH BRIGADE (Gibson's). 

This brigade arrived upon the field about noon and joined 
its division at Woolf field and was at once ordered into line on 
Kirk's left, where it became engaged at once. The 32d In- 
diana was detiached and is mentioned in the report as having 
made a bayonet charge in front of Kirk's Brigade near the 
pond. It followed the retiring Confederates until ordered to 



6tii Brigade (Gibson's). 161 

return. It failed to find its division and bivouacked by itself 
Monday night. The other regiments of the brigade bivouacked 
near the camp of the 4th Illinois Cavalry. 

SIXTH DIVISION (Wood's). 

This division arrived upon the field about 2 p. m. It was 
ordered into line on Crittenden's right. When it got into po- 
sition the battle was about over and only Wagner's Brigade be- 
came engaged and that only for a few minutes, the 57th In- 
diana having four men wounded. The division bivouacked in 
rear of the right of Prentiss's Division camps. 



152 Ohio at Shiloh. 



Laws, Appointment of Commission and 
Letting of Contract. 



FINANCIAL EEPORT. 



THE Seventy-Third General Assembly of Ohio, on the 25th 
day of April, 1898, passed the following Act: 

Sectioic 1, Be it enacted hy the General Assembly of the 
State of Ohio, That the governor of this state be and is hereby 
authorized to appoint a commission consisting of six citizens, 
not more than three of whom shall belong to any one political 
party, and each of whom shall have served with honor in the 
battle of Shiloh, who shall serve without pay and whose duty 
it shall be to cooperate with the national commission in ascer- 
taining and marking the positions occupied in said battle by 
each regiment, battery and independent organization from this 
state which were there engaged. 

Section 2. That the sum of one thousand dollars be and 
the same is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the state 
treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be drawn and used by 
said commission to pay the personal expenses of the members 
of said commission in the discharge of the duties aforesaid. 

Section 3. That said commission shall elect one of their 
members to act as treasurer of said commission, who shall 
give bond to the state of Ohio in twice the sum hereby appro- 
priated to be approved by the auditor of state, who, upon 
the filing with him of such bond, shall draw his warrant on the 
treasurer of state in favor of such treasurer for the amount 
herein appropriated. 

Section 4. Said commission shall keep an accurate ac- 
count of all disbursements and make a full report- thereof, and 



Laws and Appointment of Commission. 153 

of the execution of its trust to the governor on or before the 
15th day of November, each year during the continuance of 
said trust. 

Section 5. This act shall take effect and be in force from 
and after its passage. 

Passed April 25, 1898. 

In compliance with the above law Governor A. S. Bushnell 
appointed the following ex-soldiers to constitute the Ohio 
Shiloh Battlefield Commission: T. J. Lindsey, Washington 
C. H., N. R. Park, Ada, Senator John Mitchell, Port Clinton, 
R. B. Brown, Zanesville, J. S. Laughlin, Sidney, and Milton 
Turner, Cambridge, Ohio. 

Governor Bushnell called the Commission to his office on 
the 21st day of September, 1898, for the purpose of organiza- 
tion and consultation. R. B. Brown was appointed Chairman, 
T. J. Lindsey, Secretary, and J. S. Laughlin, Treasurer. 

In this connection we return thanks to Governor Bush- 
nell for the honor he conferred upon us and we recall the 
pleasant relations had with him during the short time he occu- 
pied the Governor's office after the appointment of the Shiloh 
Commission. He not only took a deep interest in our work, 
but was at all times ready to consult and advise us on all ques- 
tions that came up, and his affable and businesslike manner in 
conducting all the affairs of his office was a credit to him- 
self and the people of all classes and conditions in the State. 
And we regret that our business could not have been completed 
during his term of office. 

The following report, made to the Governor !N'ovember 15, 
1899, states what the Commission had done up to that date: 

To the Governor of Ohio: 

"The Act passed by the General Assembly of Ohio April 
25, 1898, authorizing the Governor to appoint a Commission 
of six citizens who shall have served with honor in the Battle 



154 Ohio at Shiloh. 

of Shiloh, whose duty shall be to cooperate with the National 
Commission in ascertaining and marking the position of each 
regiment, battery and independent organization from this 
State who were engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, and make a 
full report of the execution of its trust to the Governor, etc. 

The Commission appointed in pursuance of said law sub- 
mits this, their report. The members comprising said Commis- 
sion met in the office of the Governor at Columbus on the 
21st day of September, 1898, and organized by electing a 
Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer. They then fixed the 18th 
day of Novemiber, 1898, as the time they would visit the bat- 
tlefield of Shiloh for the purpose of performing the duties for 
which they were appointed. 

Your Commission spent several days visiting the different 
points of the battlefield where Ohio troops had been engaged, 
accompanied by Colonel C. Cadle, Chairman, and Major D. W. 
Reed, Secretary and Historian of the National Shiloh Com- 
mission. 

On account of the inclemency of the weather it was found 
impossible to complete their duties at that time. Your Com- 
mission also found that an accurate and intelligent perform- 
ance of the trust involved would require more time and labor 
than could be accomplished on one visit of reasonable length. 

Your Commission again met in Columbus on the 21st day 
of March, 1899, and after considering the matter decided to 
again visit Shiloh during the week in which occurred the 
thirty-iseventh anniversary of the battle, April 6 and 7. 

Your Commission were again unfortunate as to bad weath- 
er, and much of the inspection of the field had to be done while 
it was raining heavily; however, enough progress was made 
so that it was necessary only for the Secretary of the Commis- 
sion to return during the latter part of May and complete the 
details of the work, which is hereby submitted. 



Laws and Appointment of Commission. 155 

Ohio had twenty-nine organizations engaged in the Battle 
of Shiloh. A claim has been made that the 13th Missouri 
should be recognized as an Ohio regiment in the battle. It is 
true it was largely composed of Ohio troops and in justice 
should have been mustered as an Ohio regiment, but was orig- 
inally assigned to the State of Missouri and was known in the 
Battle of Shiloh as the 13th Missouri Infantry. It was by 
order of the Secretary of War, July 7, 1862, transferred to 
Ohio and designated as the 22d Ohio Infantry and was known 
as such to the close of its enlistment. 

The 14th Missouri (Burge's Sharpshooters) was recruited 
principally in Ohio and Illinois and transferred by the same 
order of the Secretary of War to the State of Illinois and 
named the 66th Illinois Infantry. The Illinois Shiloh Com- 
mission have decided that, so far as the Battle of Shiloh is 
concerned, this regiment was a Missouri organization and must 
look to that State for recognition. The condition of both 
these regiments are the same, and in all reports and accounts 
of the Battle of Shiloh these two regiments are designated the 
13th and 14th Missouri. 

As representatives of both these regiments are claiming 
recognition as Ohio organizations, we submit the facts with- 
out comment or recommendation. 

Goodspeed's Battery (A, 1st Ohio Artillery) claim they are 
entitled to recognition under the law "as being engaged in the 
Battle of Shiloh." The following are the facts in relation to 
this battery: Captain Oilman, Inspector of Artillery of the 
Army of the Ohio, in his report, Volume 10, page 302, Official 
Record of the Rebellion, says : 

"Captain Goodspeed's Battery, A, 1st Ohio Artillery, ar- 
rived from Savannah and disembarked. I was directed late 
in the day, by the General commanding, to bring it up. This 
Wias done, but by the time it reached the point designated the 



166 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

enemy had retreated beyond its reach. It pressed on after 
them for some distance, but did not get an opportunity to open 
fire, and at the close of the pursuit was put in positron with 
our advanced forces." 

The law creating the Shiloh Battlefield Commission in de- 
fining their duties in relation to Ohio organizations uses 
the words "which were there engaged." It is true this bat- 
tery was acting under orders and performed every duty re- 
quired, as were also the 56th and 68th Ohio of General Lew 
Wallace's Division and the 64th and 65th of Garfield's Bri- 
gade. These regiments were all acting under orders but were 
not "engaged." We therefore report the facts under the law 
as it is and leave to a higher authority the question of the rights 
of the above organizations. 

Your Commission find it will be impossible to intelli- 
gently describe in a written report the many different positions 
occupied by Ohio troops during these two days' battle. There 
was a constant shifting and changing of location, and while 
the territory covered was not so large compared with other 
hattles of equal magnitude, the topography of the country was 
such that confined all operations to prescribed limits, and the 
same territory was fought over a number of times at many 
points. Therefore, for the purpose of this report, the first po- 
sition of each Ohio organization is only named, and for fur- 
ther and more specific information on this point reference is 
hereby made to the maps of the first and second days' bat- 
tles, which are submitted and made a part of this report." (The 
positions referred to are given in the sketches of each organi- 
zation. ) 

Subsequently it was decided to reioognize the 13th Missouri 
regiment as an Ohio organization and a monument was erected. 

The survivors of Battery A, 1st Light Artillery, requested 
that the monument for that organization be placed at the point 



Laws and Appointment of CoiiiMissioN. 157 

near Shiloh Church to which they had advanced on the evening 
of the last day's battle. The Commission, after giving the 
matter due consideration, were of the opinion that no monu- 
ments for organizations not engaged in the battle should be lo- 
cated on the active fighting lines, as it would be confusing, 
which conclusion was approved by the National Commission. 

A prominent site was selected on which to erect monuments 
for the 5th O. V. C, Battery A, 1st Light Artillery, the 56th, 
64th, 65th and 68th Infantry. This location is in the rear of 
the siege guns on the north side of the Savannah road and one- 
half mile from the Landing. 

The law provided that monuments for each of the three 
battalions of cavalry, costing $500 each, should be erected. 
After consulting the survivors of the 5th O. V. C. it was de- 
cided that one should be built instead, costing $1,500. The 
magnificent Cavalry Monument which now stands there rep- 
resenting the three battalions of the 5th O. V. C, and which 
attracts so much attention and admiration, is proof that the 
change made was a wise one. 

The following law making appropriation for the erection of 
monuments on the Shiloh National Park passed both Houses 
of the General Assembly without a dissenting vote, on the 28th 
of February, 1900: 

[Senate Bill No. 19] 

AN ACT 

To supplement an act entitled "An act authorizing the appoint- 
ment of a commission to ascertain and mark the position 
occupied by Ohio troops in the battle of Shiloh, and to 
make an appropriation to pay the personal expenses of the 
commission." 

Whereas,. Under the act of Congress approved December 
4, 1894, establishing the "Shiloh National Military Park" the 
government has purchased about three thousand acres of the 



158 Ohio at Shiloh. 

Shiloh battlefield, embracing most of the heavy fighting ground ; 
and 

Whereas, The State of Tennessee has ceded to the United 
States jurisdiction over said battlefield ; and 

Whereas, The National Commission appointed under the 
act of Congress referred to, proposes to restore, and has already, 
to a large extent restored, the said battlefield of Shiloh to the 
condition it was in at the time of the battle, by clearing away 
new growths of timber, closing new roads and reopening old 
ones; and 

Whereas, The said national park, with its graded avenues 
between battle lines, and its handsome monimients, commemor- 
ative of American valor, will, when completed, be of national 
interest; and 

Whereas, Under an act entitled "An act authorizing the 
appointment of a commission to ascertain and mark the posi- 
tions occupied by Ohio troops in the battle of Shiloh and to 
make an appropriation to pay the personal expenses of the com- 
mission," passed by the Greneral Assembly of Ohio, April 25, 
1898, six commissioners were appointed to serve, without pay, 
charged with the duty of ascertaining and marking the positions 
occupied by Ohio troops in the battle of Shiloh ; and 

Whereas, Said commissioners, in cooperation with the na- 
tional commission, has carefully selected the sites for monu- 
ments to mark said positions, and which are historically ac- 
curate as to the regiments, battalions and batteries engaged; 
and 

Whereas, Said commissioners having substantially com- 
pleted the preliminary task assigned them by the Greneral As- 
sembly, are now ready to proceed to the execution of the fur- 
ther work contemplated by the act of April 25, 1898, to wit: 
The erection of monuments and tablets to mark the positions of 
Ohio troops on the battlefield of Shiloh, and such Ohio com- 
mands, belonging to the armies of the Tennessee and Ohio a9 
were on detached duty under orders of the commanding general 
and later reported on the battlefield ; and 

Whereas, Said commissioners have made an estimate of 
the sum of money required for the completion of said work, 



Laws and Appointment of Commission. 159 

said estimate being as follows, to wit: Monuments for twenty- 
four (24) regiments of infantry, engaged, costing not to ex- 
ceed $1,500.00 each, $36,000.00; monuments for six (6) bat- 
teries of artillery, engaged, costing not to exceed $1,000.00 
each, $6,000.00; a monument for two (2) battalions of cav- 
alry, engaged, costing not to exceed $1,000.00 ; monuments for 
four (4) regiments of infantry, not engaged, but on detached 
duty, costing not to exceed $1,000.00 each, $4,000.00; and a 
monument for one (1) battalion of cavalry on detached duty, 
$500.00 ; incidental expenses, including clerk hire, office rent, 
traveling expenses, stationery and such other items of expense 
as may occur in making contracts for monuments and markers, 
and supervising their erection, $5,500.00 ; and 

Whereas, It is the judgment of said commissioners that 
for the economical prosecution of the work contemplated $3,- 
000.00 should be available and subject to the orders of said 
commission on and after March 1, 1900; $25,000.00 on and 
after December 1, 1900, and $25,000.00 not later than De- 
cember 1, 1901, at which latter date, being within about two 
years of the present time, it is proposed to have all the monu- 
ments and tablets erected and the work of the commission prac- 
tically completed ; now therefore 

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio; 
Section 1. That in addition to the sum appropriated 
by the provisions of the aforesaid act, there is hereby appro- 
priated out of any funds in the state treasury to the credit of 
the general revenue fund, and not otherwise appropriated, the 
sum of fifty-three thousand dollars ($53,000.00) to be used 
as hereinafter provided, warrants for which shall be drawn 
by the auditor of state upon the treasurer of state at the times 
and for the sums following: March 1, 1900, a warrant for 
three thousand dollars; December 1, 1900, a warrant for 
twenty-five thousand dollars; and December 1, 1901, a war- 
rant for twenty-five thousand dollars. Said warrants to be is- 
sued by the auditor of state on requisitions duly approved by 
a majority of the members of said Ohio commission, and made 
payable to the order of the treasurer of said commission, who 
shall file with the auditor of state a detailed statement of the 
expenses paid from the appropriation hereby made. 



160 Ohio at Siiiloii. 

Section 2. Said commission shall keep an account of all 
disbursements, and make a full report thereof to the governor 
on or before the 15th day of November of each year during the 
continuance of said trust. 

Section 3. The representatives of regiments and batter- 
ies shall, in so far as it is practicable to do so, be consulted by 
the commission as to style of monuments they desire, and as 
to the inscription to be put thereon. And any regimental or 
battery organization shall be permitted to raise by private sub- 
scription such additional sum of money as it may see fit, to be 
used in connection with the money supplied by the state in 
the purchase and erection of the monuments for such regiment 
or battery. 

The Commission visited the ISTational Parks at Gettys- 
burg and Chickamauga and learned much of value which was 
of great benefit to the state, at Shiloh. After examining the 
work erected on these parks it was unanimously decided not to 
use bronze on any of the Shiloh monuments. We found it 
was almost impossible to secure the bronze plates to the monu- 
ments so that they would remain permanently, and that the ac- 
tion of water on the bronze caused in some cases unsightly 
stains on the granite. Therefore we determined that all in- 
scriptions should be in either sunken or raised letters, cut in 
the granite and of sufiicient size to be easily read. 

We also gained other important information. We observed 
the great diversity in the apparent value or cost of the differ- 
ent monuments which had been erected at a uniform price. 
This difference was so perceptible that we, though then with- 
out experience in such matters, were convinced that so far as 
value of work was concerned those who had no practical knowl- 
edge of the granito business were at the mercy of the con- 
tractors; and to prevent possible imposition we decided to 
require all bidders for the Shiloh monuments to submit de- 
signs drawn to a scale, and accompanied by specifications, so 



Notice to Contractors. 161 

that competent experts could be employed to figure the cost of 
each piece of work to the contractor, and we would then he 
able to form an intelligent opinion of each design submitted. 

In July, 1900, the following notice was inserted in the 
newspapers of the principal cities of this State and also in the 
Commercial Advertiser, ISTew York City: 

PEOPOSALS FOK MONUMENTS, 
SHILOH BATTLEFIELD. 

Notice is hereby given that the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield 
Commission will receive proposals for Granite Monuments, to 
be erected in the ''Shiloh National Military Park," Pittsburg 
Landing, Tennessee, at their office in the State House, Colum- 
bus, Ohio, up to 12 m., August 15, 1900, for twenty-four Regi- 
ments of Infantry, engaged, costing not to exceed $1,500 each ; 
six Batteries of Artillery, engaged, costing not to exceed $1,- 
000 each; two Battalions of Cavalry, engaged, costing not to 
exceed $1,000 ; four Regiments of Infantry, not engaged, cost- 
ing not to exceed $1,000 each; and one Battalion of Cavalry, 
on detached duty, $500. 

Each proposal must be accompanied by specifications, 
statements of the proposed dimensions, design, plan and ele- 
vations showing exact measurements, a close estimate of the 
weight and the kind of granite to be used; each proposal and 
accompanying statements to be in duplicate, one marked 
^^Original" and the other "Duplicate." 

Each mouTmient is to be erected by the Contractor, com- 
plete with inscriptions, and in the position designated by the 
Commission, on a foundation furnished by the Shiloh Nation- 
al Military Park Commission. 

We also, by publication and through the headquarters 
of the Department of Ohio, G. A. R., had the following 
notice sent throuo-hout the State: 



162 Ohio at Shiloh. 

"To the Survivors of the Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. 

Comrades : The Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission pub- 
lishes this circular for the information of all concerned: 

First: The General Assembly of the State of Ohio has 
appropriated $47,500 for the erection of Monuments on the 
Battlefield of Shiloh, at Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., to mark the 
positions occupied by thirty (30) Ohio Commands engaged, 
and four regiments of infantry and one battalion of cavalry on 
detached duty at Crumps Landing during the progress of the 
battle, and not engaged in action. 

Second: The following commands were engaged: In- 
fantry regiments — 1st, 6th, 13th, 15th, 19th, 2'Oth, 24th, 41st, 
46th, 48th, 49th, 53d, 54th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 70th, 71st, 72d, 
76th, 77th, 78th, 81st, 13th Missouri (afterwards the 22d 
Ohio) — ^twenty-four, each monument to cost not to exceed $1,- 
500.00. 

Batteries of Artillery : A, 1st Ohio ; G, 1st Ohio ; 5th, 8th, 
13th and 14th — six, each monument to cost not to exceed $1,- 
000.00. 

Cavalry: 1st and 2d Battalions, 5th Ohio, one monument 
to cost not to exceed $1,000.00. 

The following commands were not engaged: Infantry — 
56th, 64th, 65th and 68th — four, each monument to cost not 
to exceed $1,000.00. 

Cavalry: Third Battalion, 5th Ohio — monument to cost 
not to exceed $500.00. If the survivors of the Fifth Ohio 
Cavalry so decide, the two separate sums of $1,000 and $500 
may be combined in the erection of a monument to cost not to 

exceed $1,500. 

Third : Section three of the statute, passed by the Seventy- 
fourth General Assembly, February 28, 1900, Ohio Laws, Vol- 
ume 94, pages 28, 29, 30, reads : 



Notice to Shiloh Survivors. 163 

^ Section 3. "The representatives of regiments and batteries 
shall, in so far as it is practicable to do so, be consulted by the 
Commission as to style of monuments they desire, and as to in- 
scriptions to be put thereon. And any regimental or battery 
organization shall be permitted to raise by private subscription 
such additional sums of money as it may see fit, to be used in 
connection with the money supplied by the state in the purchase 
and erection of the monuments for such regiment or battery." 

The Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission hereby gives no- 
tice that it is ready to receive suggestions from regimental or 
battery organizations as contemplated by the law. 

Fourth: Proposals for the erection of monuments have 
been invited, and will be opened at twelve o'clock, noon, Aug- 
ust 15, 1900, or as soon thereafter as is practicable. The de- 
signs will be placed on exhibition in the Senate Chamber of 
the State House, at Columbus, at twelve m., Monday, August 
20, 1900, and remain on exhibition up to twelve m., Saturday, 
September 22, 1900, for the inspection of duly authorized com- 
mittees of regimental and battery organizations. These com- 
mittees are invited to file with the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Com- 
mission written expressions of their choice of monuments, 
which will be given due consideration by the Commission in 
the allotment of monuments to the various commands. If regi- 
mental or battery organizations desire to add any sum of money 
to the appropriation made by the State of Ohio, that fact must 
be stated and the amount named by twelve m., September 22, 
1900, and a bond, with sufiicient sureties guaranteeing the pay- 
ment of the money on the demand of the contractors for the 
monument, filed with the Commission. Under no circum- 
stances will the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission, represent- 
ing the State of Ohio, assume any responsibility for these 
added amounts. 



164 Ohio at Shiloh. 

Fifth : A copy of tihis circular has been forwarded to each 
of the soldier organizations in the State of Ohio, as far as post- 
office addresses could be obtained. The object is to secure an 
expression from the survivors of the Battle of Shiloh on the 
matters herein named^ and communications may be addressed 
to either the President or Secretary. 

Sixth : The Commission hopes to complete the letting of 
contracts, by November 1, 1900, and must therefore be fully ad- 
vised of the desires of regimental and battery organizations by 
October 1, 1900. The active cooperation of all survivors of the 
Battle of Shiloh who served in Ohio commands is earnestly in- 
vited. This Commission has but one purpose to subserve, the 
faithful discharge of a trust conferred under the law by the 
Governor of our patriotic commonwealth." 

In answer to the advertisement for proposals, about four 
hundred designs were submitted, and mounted in an attractive 
manner in the State Senate Chamber, representing eleven of 
the leading granite companies of the United States. After re- 
maining on exhibition for some time, to enable the different 
committees to make selections which they wished to recom- 
mend for their organizations, the Commission selected one 
hundred and thirty-four designs which in their judgment 
were the best among the exhibit. These were turned over to the 
three experts previously appointed, W. H. Slaymaker, then of 
Port Clinton, J. C. Johnson, of Fremont, and Jed. Williams, 
of Cambridge. All designs that had been selected by regiment- 
al and other committees were included among the number 
placed in the hands of the experts. The following written in- 
structions were given to each of the experts : 

"First. Give an estimate of the cost on each and every de- 
sign mentioned in attached list, according to specifications fur- 
nished by each and every bidder in original and duplicate, and 
designs and scale drawings of each of the numbers of monu- 



Report of Experts. 165 

ments here given on attached sheet will be furnished to all ex- 
perts for their estimate and price, by Milton Turner, Member 
of the Commission in charge. 

"Second. In estimating, give price f. o. b. cars where 
manufactured, lettering or setting need not be taken int-o con- 
sideration. If any design figured on by the experts is out of 
proportion, please note the same on your estimate or report.. 

"Third. Give estimated weight of each monument. 

"Fourth. Granit/C to be used is the best grade of Dark Bar- 
rie Granite where polished, and the best grade of Light Barrie 
where axed. 

"Fifth. Figure each monument separately and give price 
of same. Also give each bidder's work separate and attach all 
together for the consideration of the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield 
Commission." 

Previous to the filing of the report of the experts the Com- 
mission had, by resolution unanimously adopted, fixed a mini- 
mum value on each class of monument to be contracted for, viz., 
monuments for which the State would pay $1,500 to cost the 
contractor not less than $900 ; and the $1,000 class not less 
than $650 ; and all which the report of the experts would 
show cost to the contractor of less than the amounts fixed were 
to be rejected. 

The report of the experts was filed with the Commission 
November 13, 1900, and a supplementary report a few days 
later. Both are given below. 

REPORT OF EXPERTS. 

To the Ohio Shiloh BatUe field Commission. — 
Gentlemen : 

In accordance with your instructions to us, we have figured 
the designs submitted to you and present herewith our figures. 
We have carefully considered all specifications and our figures 
upon the various designs are made in accordance therewith. 
Some of the specifications call for eight cut and ten cut work, 



166 Ohio at Shiloh. 

all designs having sncli work specified have been figured by us 
as being wholly of ten cut work, intending to suggest to you 
that you buy nothing poorer than that class. 

We find but one of the competitors, The Hughes Granite & 
Marble Co., has really figured the best class of work, this be- 
ing twelve cut for axed surfaces, we have consequently figured 
the designs in the exhibit of this competitor upon the basis of 
the cost for twelve cut work. 

Before commenting upon any of the specifications or de- 
signs particularly we wish to say that we consider the exhibit, 
generally, a very creditable one indeed ; the monuments sug- 
gested by the designs would cost more than your Commission 
Sthould expect ; the actual cost of many pieces of the work is so 
high that by the time the cost of freight and setting should be 
added the profit to the dealer would be extremely small. Real- 
ly, we feel that as a body your Commission would be entitled 
to great 'Credit in erecting work from the exhibit. 

Although in the main we look upon the exhibit as above 
stated, there are some few of the specifications and accompany- 
ing designs to which we feel that we should call your special 
attention, as there are features in and upon them that you will 
probably wish to consider when making your final selection. 

The specifications presented by Chas. G. Blake & Co. called 
for bas-relief carving. This character of work is of very low 
relief, it being really but little more than picture carving. 
Should any of the work of this character be selected by you 
without a true understanding of what it is it would undoubtedly 
be unsatisfactory. 

In considering the exhibit of McDonnell & Sons we notice 
that various prices are made so that there are a number of the 
designs that are not submitted in accordance with your instruc- 
tions; for instance, since all of the prices made to you by 
this particular competitor are exclusive of the lettering, which. 



Report of Experts. 167 

would cost you a sum of money, fixed by their specifications 
according to the amount of lettering desired which amount 
would be in excess of the prices named to you, you can not con- 
sider numbers 3, 15, 16, 18 and 27, as the cost of lettering, 
when added to the quoted price upon these mentioned designs 
would exceed the $1,000 and $1,500 appropriated and author- 
ized by the bill passed by the General Assembly, February 28, 
1900. 

We have not figured the exhibit of C. A. Mitchell, as the 
designs were unaccompanied by scale drawings and the in- 
formation was too incomplete for our guidance. In this connec- 
tion we wish to say that while we have figured the exhibit of 
Van Amringe & Co. the original presentation by them was 
very incomplete and the scale drawings were not received until 
long after the close of tlie exhibition. 

We should say also that design 'No. 23 in the exhibit of 
McDonnell & Sons caused us some trouble; the sizes given in 
the specifications do not agree with those upon the drawing. 
At first we thought not to figure this design, but later we de- 
cided upon figuring in two ways, so that we present the fig- 
ures upon two slips, noting upon them that one is in accordance 
with specifications. We determined upon this course, intend- 
ing to leave the matter in your hands, although we feel that 
the inaccuracy should debar the design from competition. 

The specifications of the Hughes Granite & Marble Co. 
state that all carving is to be done from models which would 
be subanitted to your Commission before the execution of the 
work upon the monuments. We have not figured the cost of 
these models in the cost price of the designs shown by this com- 
pany, but it would seem to us that if the models, were to be 
made subject to your inspection and approval, their cost shoidd 
be added to the manufacturing cost of the monimient. If this 
should be your pleasure and you will so direct us, we will 



168 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

prepare a list covering the cost of models on the various de- 
signs. We would advise the acceptance of the models includ- 
ing the cost as mentioned, as by doing so yr>ur Commission 
would know precisely what the carvings would be before they 
were executed. 

We wish to say nothing regarding the exhibits other than 
those above mentioned, as the designs and drawings are sub- 
mitted in accordance with your instructions. 

E«lative to the figuring of freight, setting, etc., the data 
which we have received is insufficient, being unacquainted with 
the field, sizes of work to be hauled, together with distances 
and general conditions, we must say that we feel wholly in- 
competent to do this with justice to all concerned. 

In presenting these figures we wish, in conclusion, to say 
that we have figured all of the designs carefully and con- 
scientiously and the result of our labors as shown by the ac- 
companying sheets is most respectfully submitted. 

W. H. SlaymakeBj 
J. C. Johnson, 
Jed. Williams. 



SUPPLEMENTAKY EEPOKT OF EXPERTS. 

To the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission. — 

Gentlemen : In placing with you the data of our figuring 
upon the designs submitted for monuments at Shiloh we may 
not have been as explicit upon some points as we should have 
been. Considering this to be the case, and in accordance with 
your request we give the following explanation regarding some 
points that may seem to be unreasonable to you or, if not un- 
reasonable, not fully understood by you: 

First, we might take up the question of sixteen and two- 



Report of Experts. 169 

thirds percent added to the original figuring of the labor upon 
the different monuments. This percentage of added cost is for 
the present wage scale of the Granite Cutters' National Union. 
All of the figuring upon the monuments was done in accord- 
ance with scale of prices for different classes of work in ac- 
cordance with agreement between the Union and the manufac- 
turers previous to the present wage. This mentioned list was 
prepared when the cutters were receiving $2.25 to $2.50 per 
day and working nine hours. There were many conferences be- 
tween the two sides all tending toward an increased wage scale 
for the workers, with the result that previous to this last spring 
the Union made a demand that in May the wage should be in- 
creased and the final result is that the men are now working 
eight hours per day and receiving therefor from $3.00 to $3.50. 
At the present time carvers receive all the way from $3.50 to 
$10.00 per day, the wage of course being determined by the 
ability of the person. This increased scale amounts to about 
one-sixth advance, so that the trade generally, in the absence of 
■a revised scale of prices, is figuring all work on a basis of six- 
teen and two-thirds percent added to the old list. 

The ten percent mentioned as being "For Tools," is admit- 
ted by the trade to barely cover the wear and tear on the tools 
and the blacksmith's time in sharpening. It barely covers it 
in ordinary grades of material and in ordinary work. In the 
better grades of granite, those of harder, more dense texture, 
the wear upon the tools is greater and where twelve cut work 
is manufactured it is generally admitted that the percentage 
upon the extra amount paid the cutter will not pay for the wear 
and tear and sharpening of the tools. 

The fifty percent mentioned as "Manufacturers' profit and 
expenses," is an allowance for the expense of manufacturing 
and the profit to the manufacturer. This amount is not ar- 
bitrar}', but has been estimated by your experts. Entering 



170 Ohio at Shiloh. 

into th© item of expenses are many features. There is the reg- 
ular executive expense covering the general office work, which 
include the full size drawings, the taking care of the time of the 
men and the purchase of granite; the shop expense, covering 
wear and tear upon machinery, the cost of the various materials 
used in the manufacture of the work, the handling of the work 
in the shop, which is an expensive item ; the loss occasioned by 
defective stock where, as it often happens, considerable time 
has been spent upon a piece of stone, a seam or some other de- 
fect will present itself and cause the piece to be unfit for the 
work for which it had been intended, with a consequent loss of 
stock and labor except for some smaller piece of work ; and the 
boxing and the placing the work upon the cars. Your experts 
have considered all of these expenses and from their experience 
and from the most reliable information attainable, have con- 
sidered that the fifty percent is as low as it should be. 

As we supposed that all of the competitors were manufac- 
turers, we did not take any retail profit into consideration, and 
it is not likely that you will do so, as it is only the comparative 
eost of the designs that is of real interest to you and that is 
shown by our figures computed upon an equal basis and fair to 
all. Possibly a better understanding should be given regard- 
ing ten or twelve cut work. The former is usually cut entirely 
with the point and bush chisel, while the latter is pointed to 
within about one-half inch of the finishing size, this excess ma- 
terial being ground off under wheels and then finished with a 
fine bush hammer. The result is that the ten cut is very rough, 
wavy and the surface rifts when the sun is shining upon it; 
and owing to this rough condition with probably covered starts 
and stuns, it is likely to become darkened in a short time, while 
twelve cut work, being ground down and all possible imperfec- 
tions removed and finished with a fine bush chisel, is a clean, 



Laws and Appointment of Commission. 171 

unbroken, smooth surface and work finished in such a manner 
will remain perfectly clean. 

In connection with added percentage for profit we wish to 
make this further explanation, after the work is loaded upon 
the cars at the point of manufacture there is an expense that 
it is simply impossible to estimate. The element of risk is such 
that no one, no matter how extensive his experience, can give 
any accurate information. 

In the first place all finished granite work has to be shipped 
restricted to a valuation of forty cents per cubic foot, so that 
should any accident occur which could be attributed to care- 
lessness upon the part of the transportation companies, this 
amount is all that could be claimed or collected. Then in hand- 
ling work of this character there is a great risk of accidents 
which are caused by the fault of no one, and particularly would 
this be true in making shipment to the place where these monu- 
ments would be erected. They will be sent by railroad to some 
point probably upon the Ohio river, where they will be loaded 
upon lighters for freighting the remainder of the distance. Ex- 
perience in the past has proven that freightage by boat is done 
at a much greater risk than by rail. Then further in the con- 
sideration of this shipment every piece will have to be trans- 
ferred from cars to boats and again from boat to the wagon or 
other means of transportation at Shiloh, and we understand 
that this last mentioned transfer will have to be made under ex- 
ceptional difficulties, the stone having to be lifted something 
like one hundred and thirty feet from the boat to the wagon^ 
and, as many of them weigh, approximately, twenty tons, this 
will be work of no small means; derricks will have to be pro- 
vided and erected at the different points of transfer, for while 
they may be small derricks where the first transfer would be 
made, it is not at all likely that there will be anything with 



172 Ohio at Shiloh. 

the capacity, even approximating what would be neoessary for 

this work. 

All of these mentioned points are of the highest importance 

to the competitors before you and should be considered by you 

when you make your selection, since all of the work would be 

subjected to this increased expense and risk alike. It would of 

course make no difference in the comparative figures, so that 

all figures presented by us should still be considered so far as 

comparative values of different monuments are concerned, but 

you should consider these various mentioned conditions when 

the profit to the competitor is thought of. 

There is just one other point upon which we would speak: 
it is that upon which we touclied in our first report filed with 
and accepted by you. This is the matter of models where it has 
been specified that they would be presented for our inspection 
and acceptance before work shpuld be done. We give, attached 
hereto, a list showing what we consider a fair allowance for the 
different models. It was our suggestion in our original report 
that this allowance be added to the manufacturing cost of the 
monuments and in the event of selecting monuments for which 
these models might be required, to have the models made so 
that you might have an absolute understanding of what the em- 
blematic and decorative carving would be. 

In conclusion we might say that we consider the designs, 
generally, to be of a high order, and regarding a selection would 
suggest and believe that the beet interests of the State of Ohio 
would be served by making your selection from designs which 
have been found to cost the following comparative amounts: 

For monuments for which the State will pay $500, select 
nothing that figures less than $300 ; for monuments for which 
the State will pay $1,000, select nothing that figures less than 



Report of Experts. 173 

$600 ; for monuments for which the State will pay $1,500, se- 
lect nothing that figures less than $925 ; these mentioned 
amounts referring to the list of prices which we have already 
presented to jou. 

We have the honor to be, sirs, 

Yours very respectfully, 

W, H. Slaymakee, 
J. C. Johnson^ 
Jed. Williams. 
There were thirty-eight models made by The Hughes 
Granite and Marble Co., which the experts figured cost them 
$1,438.00. These were of great assistance to the Commission, 
as changes could be made in designs, which it would not have 
been possible to have done without models. 

That part of the report containing the calculations and 
figures is too voluminous to print in full. There were but 
thirty-seven designs out of the one hundred and thirty-four 
submitted that came within the limit fixed by the Commission. 



174 Ohio at Shiloh. 

The following statement will show the average cost of 
each class of monuments to the contractors where manufac- 
tured : 

C. G. Blake & Co., Chicago. .$1,500 monument, cost $515.19 

1,000 " " 389.91 

White & Price, Kenton, O 1,500 " " 565.61 

1,000 " " 386.27 

Van Amringe & Co., Boston. . .1,500 " " 578.47 

1,000 " " 322.29 

M. J. Towers, New York 1,500 " " 663.20 

McDonnell & Son, Buffalo 1,500 " " 668.68 

1,000 " " 494.84 
r. p. Stewart & Co., Hamilton, 

..1,500 " " 679.09 

1,000 " " 409.17 
M. V. Mitchell & Son, Colum- 
bus 1,500 " " 680.03 

1,000 " " 359.61 

Morris Bros., Memphis, 1,500 " " 714.12 

Harrison Granite Co., New 

York 1,500! " " 762.89 

1,000 " " 373.87 

A. White's Sons, Cincinnati . . 1,500 "' " 905.05 

1,000 " " 574.17 
The Hughes Granite & Marble 

Co., Clyde, 1,500 " " 1,145.45 

1,000 " " 794.63 



Kepokt of Experts. 176 

To illustrate the manner in which the whole of the one 
hundred and thirty-four designs were figured by the experts, 
we give the figures in detail on one of each class, being number 
one of two Ohio bidders, which is a fair average of all by these 
two contracts: 



THE HUGHES GEA:N"ITE & MAKBLE CO. 

No. 1. $1,500.00 Monument. 

Die stock, 122.5 at $1.00 $122.42 

Cutting 144.Y5 

Lettering, band, etc ; 80.75 

Cutting figure 290.00 

Base stock, 57.9 at $1.00 57.75 

Cutting 38.52 

Polishing, 5.0 at 60 cts 3.00 

Lettering, 39 at 60 cts 23.40 



Total $760.59 

Cost of Stock $180.17 



Labor at old scale $580.42 

16 2-3 percent for advance in wages 96.74 

Total $677.16 

10 percent for tools 67.71 



Total $744.87 

50 percent, manufacturer's profit and expense .... 372.44 
Cost of Stock 180.17 

Total Cost at Manufacturer's Works $1297.48 

Estimated Weight, 32,400 pounds. 



176 Ohio at Shiloh. 

M. V. MITCHELL & SON. 

No. A. — $1000 Monument. 

Cap Stock, 21.0 at 75 cents $ 15.75 

Cutting, 35.10 at 60 cents 21 . 50 

Molding, 36.8 at 37 cents 13 . 57 

Die Stock, 42.0 at $1.00 42 . 50 

Cutting, 32.0 at 70 cents 22 . 40 

Polishing, 11.4 at 60 cents 6 . 80 

Carving 15 . 00 

Margins 10 . 71 

Second Base Stock, 30.7 at $1.00 30.58 

Cutting, 57.9 at 70 cents 40.43 

Polishing, 8.9 at 60 cents 5.25 

Tracing 6 . 00 

Bottom Base Stock, 63.9 at 75 cents 47 . 82 

Cutting 36.12 

Total $314.43 

Cost of Stock 136.65 

Labor at Old Scale $177.78 

16 2-3 percent for advance in wages 29 . 63 

Total $207.41 

10 percent for Tools 20 . r4 

Total $228. IS 

50 percent Manufacturer's Profit and Expenses. ... 114.07 

Cost of Stock 136.65 

Total Cost at Manufacturers' Works $478 . 87 

Estimated Weight 27,540 pounds. 



Repokt of Experts. 177 

The Commission met in Columbus December 4, 1900, to 
award the contracts. The report of the experts was taken up 
and carefully examined, as upon the finding of that report 
all the contracts were to be awarded. Of the whole number, 
thirty-four monuments to be contracted for, the Hughes Gran- 
ite & M'arble Co., of Clyde, 0., were awarded thirty-two, 
Morris Brothers, of Memphis, one, and A. White's Sons, of 
Cincinnati, one. 

The Chairman of the Commission then suggested that 
possibly the Hughes Granite & Marble Co., in consideration 
of being awarded the contract for the whole number, would 
agree to a reduction of forty dollars on each monument, 
which amount could be used in part payment for experts' ex- 
penses. Mr. W. E. Hughes, President, and Mr. Homer 
Metzger, Secretary of that Company, were called before the 
Commission and the Chairman submitted the above proposi- 
tion, which, after a few minutes' consultation, they accepted. 
The awards to Morris Brothers and A. White's Sons were then 
rescinded, and The Hughes Granite & Marble Co. were award- 
ed the thirty-four monuments at $1460.00 for each of the 
$1500.00 class, and $960.00 for the $1000.00 class. 

25 monuments at $1460.00 $36,500.00 

9 momunents at 960.00 8,640.00 



34 Total $45,140.00 

On December 13, 1900, a -written contract was entered 
into with The Hughes Granite & Marble Co. covering the 
thirty-four monuments awarded them at prices stated. That 
Company also gave an acceptable bond of $25,000.00, stipu- 
lating a faithful performance of the contract. 



178 Ohio at Shiloh. 

The conitract was signed by the following members of the 
Commission: J. S. Laughlin, T. J. Lindsey, i^. E. Park and 
John Mitchell. R. B. Brown and Milton Turner refused 
to sign without giving any valid reasons why they refused, 
Mr. Turner stated afterwards that his refusal to sign was a 
misapprehension on his part at the time, and he afterward 
worked harmoniously with the Commission to the end. Mr. 
Bro^vn resigned shortly after, and there was no further friction. 
Hon. John Mitchell was elected Chairman to succeed him, and 
as no successor was appointed, the five remaining members 
completed the work. 

On January 15, 1901, the Secretary of the Commission 
was instructed to prepare inscriptions for the monuments, 
the same to conform to the official reports as found in Vol. X, 
Official Records of the Rebellion, and to contain nothing of 
either censure or praise, as required by the rules of tihe War 
Department. On February 21, 1901, tlie Secretary submitted 
a draft of the inscriptions he had prepared and the same were 
approved. These inscriptions will be found in connection with 
the sketch given of each organization. 

The Commission visited the works of The Hughes Co., at 
Clyde, 0., several times during the construction , of the work 
and had a number of changes made from the original designs, 
which greatly improved the appearance of the monuments. 
This extra work was done by The Hughes Co. without ad- 
ditional cost to the State. The Hughes Granite & Marble 
Co. assured the Commission that everything would be satis- 
factory and we are pleased to say that this promise was ful- 
filled, and the splendid Ohio monuments on the Shiloh Park 
is the best evidence of that fact. 



Tkanspoetation to Shiloh. 179 

Contractors in making their estimates had to consider the 
"unknown and uncertain cost of transportation, and the great 
liability of accident before the monuments could be set up 
in the Park. 

Shiloh is one of the most inaccessible points to reach in the 
country. It is twenty miles from the nearest railroad, and 
the ways, called roads in that country, leading from the rail- 
road to the Park are almost impassable the greater part of the 
year even for light vehicles, so that the only way to reach that 
point with heavy articles is by rail to the Tennessee River and 
thence by barges towed by light draft steamboats. There are 
but three points on the river at which transfers from cars to 
boats are possible, Paducah, Danville and Johnsonville. The 
transfer of heavy monuments is both expensive and danger- 
ous. The transportation companies will not assume a risk of 
more than eighty cents per cubic foot in case of loss, which 
is less than the cost of the granite in a rough state. 

At Pittsburg Landing the bluffs rise almost straight up 
one hundred feet, so that there is a ckance that it would cost 
as much, if not more, t-o get the monuments from the barge 
to the top of the bluffs as the entire distance from the fac- 
tory to the landing, and also an increased liability of acci- 
dent. 

These matters all had to be considered in making figures 
on the work. The figures of the experts cover no part of the 
above. 



180 Ohio at Shiloh. 



REPOET OF THE TREASURER 

or THE 

OHIO SHILOH BATTLEFIELD COMMISSION. 

To the Governor of Ohio : 

I have the honor to submit herewith a consolidated state- 
ment of the receipts and disbursements of the Ohio Shiloh 
Battlefield Commission from the organization of said Commis- 
sion to the date hereof, this being the fourth and final report. 

RECEIPTS. 

1898. To amount of first appropriation of State 

Legislature for preliminary work $ 1,000.00 

1900. To amount of second appropriation by 
State Legislature, for thirty-four monuments 
and expenses of the Commission $53,000.00 

Total receipts $54,000.00 

, DISBURSEMENTS. 

1898. Nov. 16. By expense of Commission to 
Shiloh and return, preliminary work (hereto- 
fore reported) $ 368.82 

1899. March 31. By expense of Commission to 
Shiloh and return, and two meetings at Co- 
lumbus, Ohio, preliminary work (heretofore 
reported) 592.98 

Total preliminary expenses $961.80 



Report of Treasueeb. 181 

1899. Nov. 1 to K'ov. 1, 1900. Expense Com- 
mission (heretofore reported) $1,667.79 

1900. Oct. 2. By expense, mounting and dis- 
playing designs for monuments (heretofore 
reported) 148.64 

1900. Nov. 1 to Oct. 1, 1901. By expense of 

Commission (heretofore reported) 541.75 

1900. Nov. 13. By expense experts in the mat- 
ter of calculating cost of each monument, as 
per drawings and specifications submitted 
(heretofore reported) 1,644.15 

1901. Feb. 21. By amount paid The Hughes 
Marble & Granite Co. on Shiloh monuments, 
for completed work, on estimate No. 1 
(heretofore reported) 5,000.00 

March 29. By amount paid as above, on estimate 

No. 2 (heretofore reported) 9,000.00 

May 14. By amount paid as above, on estimate 

No. 3 (heretofore reported) 11,000.00 

1902. April 4. By amount paid as above, on 
estimate No. 4 10,000.00 

April 24. By amount paid as above, on estimate 

No. 5 7,000.00 

June 9. By amount paid as above, being balance 
due The Hughes Marble & Granite Co., as per 
contract bearing date Dec. 13, 1900 3,140.00 

1901. Oct. 1 to Nov. 13, 1902. By expense of 
Commission 1,117.30 

1902. June 6 and 7. By expense for the dedica- 
tion of the thirty-four mouuments on the bat- 
tlefield of Shiloh 1,225.00 

1902. Nov. 13. By amount returned to State 

Treasury 1,553.57 

Total disbursements $54,000.00 



182 Ohio at Shiloh. 

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a tnie statement aa 
to the receipts and disbursements of the Ohio Shiloh Battle- 
field Commission, including the cost of the monuments con- 
tracted for by said Commission. All vouchers for expenses are 
itemized and are on file in the office of the Auditor of State at 
Columbus, Ohio. Respectfully submitted, 

J. S. Laughlin, 
Treasurer of Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission. 
Dated at Sidney, Ohio, January 9, 1903. 



Dedication of Monuments. 183 



Dedication of Monuments^ 



The Ohio monuments were dedicated and surrendered to 
the care of the National Government June 6, 1902. While 
the delegation from Ohio was limited in numher on aeeount 
of transportation facilities, they were, however, met at Pitts- 
burg Landing by a large concourse of citizens from Tennessee 
and Mississippi, many of whom had served in the battle in 
the Confederate Army. The delegation left Cincinnati at 
8 a. m., June 3, 1902, via B. & O. S. W. and Illinois Central 
K. R., and arrived at Paducah the same e\''ening at 6 p. m. 
At Louisville the Indiana Shiloh Commission joined the party. . 
Arrangements had previously been made with the St. Louis 
& Tennessee River Packet Co. for their largest boat, the City 
of Memphis, to meet the delegations at Paducah and convey 
them up the river to Pittsburg Landing, a distance of two 
hundred and twenty-nine miles. As there are no hotels at 
Pittsburg Landing the boat remained there during the 6th 
and 7th of June for the accommodation of the party. The 
excursion, both going and returning, was one of great interest 
and pleasure. On the way up the river the boat made stops 
at Johnsonville, Clifton, Savannah and Crump's Landing, ar- 
riving at Pittsburg Landing at 7.30 a. m., June 6. No pas- 
sengers were carried by the City of Memphis except the Ohio 



184 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

delegation and there were none of the discomforts of over- 
crowding that are usual on excursions. 

In this connection we acknowledge our obligations to Cap- 
tain James Koger, of Paducah, a gallant ex-Confederate sol- 
dier, and the Superintendent of the St. Louis and Tennessee 
River Packet Co., who, with the assistance of Major J. H. 
Ashcraft, personally saw that every detail was complete to 
make the trip on the Tennessee River a pleasant one, and 
Captain Kirkpatrick, Mr. Con Baker, clerk, and all the em- 
ployes on the steamer City of Memphis will be remembered 
for their successful efforts to please all. 

Two members of the Ohio Vicksburg Commission, Hon. 
W. P. Gault, of Columbus, Secretary, and Major Charles 
Hipp, of St. Mary's, accompanied the party for the purpose 
of inspecting the monuments at Shiloh. They were so well 
pleased with the excellence of the Ohio work that on their 
return and report to their Commission the same class of 
monuments was adopted for the Vicksburg Park, and the 
etntire contract given to the same contractors, The Hughes 
Granite & Marble Co. 

On arriving at Pittsburg Landing the first object of in- 
terest was the beautiful National Cemetery situated on the 
bluffs one hundred feet above the Tennessee River. The dedi- 
cation ceremonies were held about one-half mile from the 
river in a grove behind the siege gims, and where six of the 
Ohio monuments stand, representing the organizations that 
arrived on the field too late to be engaged in the battle. 

A speaker's stand had been erected and board seats ar- 
ranged for those attending. 

The Governor of Mississippi sent a staff officer with his 
greetings to the citizems of Ohio, which courtesy was much 
appreciated. 



Dedication of Monuments. 185 

The afternoon of the 6th of June and the following day 
were spent in visiting the many interesting and historical 
places on the battlefield. 

The boat left for the return trip at 4 p. m. on the 7th, 
making no stops until arrival at Paducah, where special cars 
waited for the return to Cincinnati, arriving there at 9 p. m. 
on the 9 th. 

The following programme of dedication ceremonies was 
carried out. The orations were of the highest order of elo- 
quence and held the close attention of all to the end. 



186 Ohio at Shiloh. 

PROGRAM 

of the 

DEDICATION OF THE OHIO MONUMENTS 

upon the 
SHILOH NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, 

June 6 and 1, 1902. 

Hon. David F. Pugh, Columbus, Ohio, of the 46^/i 0. Y. I., 

Chairman. 

Presentation of Monuments to the National Government by 

Hon. D. F. Pugh. 

Acceptance of Monuments on Behalf of the United States by 

Col. CoENELiTJs Cable, 
Chairman Shiloh National Military Park Commission, 
Representing the Secretary of War. 

Representing the Shiloh National Military Parle Commission, 
Col. Josiah Patterson, of Memphis. 

Representing the State of Tennessee, and Confederate Dead, 
Col. Luke W. Finlay, of the Uh Tennessee, C. S. A. 

Representing Ohio and the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Com- 
mission, 

Hon. Ealph D. Cole, of Findlay, Ohio. 



Prayer and Benediction. 



Judge David F. Pugh, of Columbus, was selected to act 
as Chairman of the dedication ceremonies. Comrade Pugh 
is too well known throughout Ohio to need any introduction. 

He was one of the youngest soldiers in the ranks of the 
46th Ohio, which in the battle of Shiloh, on Sunday, the 
first day, lost more than fifty percent, of the number engaged. 



Dedication of Monuments. 187 

Judge Pugh had not only the duties to perform for which 
he had been appointed, but also, at the last moment, was called 
on to assume the place assigned the Governor, who was not 
present. 

That he discharged this double duty in an able and elo- 
quent manner is demonstrated by what follows. 

Hon. D. F. Pugh called the meeting to order, and then 
said : "An extemporized choir will sing for us, and will now 
sing 'America.' " 

Prayer by Pev. A. D. Lindsey, pastor of Shiloh Church. 
Prayer: "Almighty God, our heavenly Father, we thank Thee 
for this day, and for the privilege of gathering here upon this 
occasion. We are here today to dedicate these monuments 
which have been erected in honor to the brave men who 
fought, bled and died here. Our minds run baok today to 
that awful day, April 6, 1862, when our fathers, brothers 
and friends met here in awful battle and drenched this lield 
with their blood. This is sacred ground because it was bap- 
tized in fraternal blood. We cannot dedicate, consecrate or 
hallow this ground, but those brave heroes who fought, bled 
and died here have done this. Green be their graves and 
sweet peace be the memory of those brave men. May their 
noble work ever live. Bless this day. Bless this service, and 
may it result in great good to every one present. Bless these 
friends of ours from the State of Ohio, who have come here 
to dedicate these monuments, which have been erected in. 
honor of their fathers, brothers and sons. We are glad to 
have them with us. Bless the State of Ohio, which contrib- 
uted so largely of her means and sacrificed so many of her 
heroic sons for the preservation of our Country, that our 
Government might not perish, that the stars and stripes 
might float in the breeze of the South as well as in the l^orth, 



188 Ohio at Shiloii. 

and that we might be forever one United People. Bless our 
Government. Bless our Grand Old Flag, and make us one 
great nation. May we never forget the help and love of our 
God, who, as we believe, led us to a glorious victory, and 
brings us safely holme at last, and Thou shalt have the praise 
forever and forever. Amen." 

Then the Chairman said: 

"The members of the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield Commission 
will accept my gratitude for the honor of presiding over such 
a ceremony as will take place here today. 

"Forty years and two months ago, the bloodiest battle of 
the Civil War, what General Lew Wallace called the tourna- 
ment of death, Avhere the chivalry of the Southwest met the 
chivalry of the ISTorthwest, was fought here. Having been 
one of the humble participants in that battle, as a member of 
the 46th Ohio, which with the 6th Iowa and 40th Illinois 
constituted the extreme end of the right wing of the Union 
Army, I feel most intensely the impress iveness, solemnity and 
magnitude of this occasion. 

Our comrades are sleeping beneath our feet, men who 
fought by our side. And it is hard for one so situated to 
say an;)i;hing without wetting his words with tears. 

The unbroken silence, for over forty years, of their dead 
soldierly forms; the winding procession of these trees, re- 
minding us of what they were in 1862 ; the quiet flow of 
that Tennessee River over yonder, as it goes on its way to the 
ocean; the many-voiced memories of how these men fought 
and died for the Union and freedom which crowd into this 
day and place — memories over forty years old — ^what an elo- 
quence there is in all of them ! I only wish I could trans- 
late that eloquence to you ! It would be superior to any elo- 
quence that might come from human lips. 



Dedication of Monuments. 189 

ITever, so long as memory lasts, can I forget the rapidly 
succeeding events of those two days, April 6 and 7, 1862. 

At the gray of tlie morning of the first day, before the 
sun arose, the Confederate Army was already advancing in 
battle line. The glory of that spring morning was out of 
harmony with the terrible conflict which was shortly to be- 
gin. Unspeakable emotions, made up of yearning memory, 
of dread forboding, of high hope, of heroic enthusiasm, and 
of stern resolve, rushed in rapid succession through the hearts 
of thousands of men, and in the very next moment the tempest 
of battle began. For two long, agonizing days, it raged and 
swayed, drifting from Owl Creek and Shiloh Church to the 
river, on the first day, and then, on the second day, sweeping 
back from the river to Owl Creek and the Church and beyond. 
I can almost hear the sounds now. The earth trembled as if 
shaken by an earthquake, the air quivered, the cannons roared, 
the rifles rattled, shouting charges were made, the field was 
covered with dead, the wounded and bleeding Blue and Gray. 
Here Grant and Buell and their combined armies, and John- 
ston and Beauregard and their army, wrote their names in- 
delibly in history. 

We are here today to dedicate the monuments erected by 
the State of Ohio to commemorate the achievements of Ohio 
dead, and to further dedicate, if that can be done, this bat^ 
tlefield as their final resting place. 

As Mr. Lincoln said at Gettysburg, we cannot "in the 
larger sense dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hal- 
low this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who strug- 
gled here, have consecrated it far above our po^^er to add or 
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what 
we say, but it can never forget what they did here." 

And yet, by these monuments there can, most fitly and 
usefully, be recalled the heroism and patriotism of that great 



190 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

history-making epoch from 1861 to 1865, when, through suf- 
fering and death, men became heroes; when, exalting themr 
selves above little things, such as party interests and pas- 
sions, men attested their supreme devotion to a great cause^ 
the cause of the freedom and safety of the whole counitry. 

These men from Ohio who sleep on this battlefield left 
their homes in 1861, while their mothers, sisters and wives 
gathered about them, not to hinder, but to help — Spartan 
women — ^with brave hearts. 

They went forth on this battlefield on the 6th day of 
April, 1862, to that awful work, which, some one has said 
"touched the direct and divinest possibilities of life." They 
stood shoulder to shoulder, making of their bodies a shield to 
protect the nation, its government and its institutions from 
destruction. They thus went, and they thus stood, to die if 
necessary. 

Whether they should wear the harp and crown was not 
the question that was uppermost in their minds. Their su- 
preme desire was to do their duty to the country, and the 
rest they left to God. 

They were more than heroes. They were heroes plus the 
qualities which constitute patriots. 

In the Northern states, as elsewhere, prior to 1861, there 
had been sharp and irreconcilable difi^erences between men 
and parties relative to principles and policies of government. 
If these men had not been great enough to rise to the strength 
of the argument for the Union, the Republic would have been 
carved into two parts, and an independent Confederacy today 
would have been an established fact. But they were great 
enough. They passed over the lines of difference. They for- 
got their party shibboleths and they gave themselves unre- 
servedly for the land with that spirit of impassioned conse- 



Dedication of Monuments. 191 

cration out of which martyrs are made. It was this that 
made them greater than heroes — that made them patriots. 
They stood upon one common platform, namely, that there 
should be, first, a country. They appraised the excellence 
and glory of an undivided Republic at a higher value than 
anything else — than all things else combined. 

They fought and died on this battlefield that there might 
be but one name for this country, one political organism of 
irresistible strength, one flag for the country, one common 
temple for the worship of liberty, one common hope for the 
endless existence of the best form of government ever con- 
ceived by the wisdom of man, and one common assurance 
that the Union, saved as by fire and refined by fire, might be 
the beacon light for all oppressed nations. They fought and 
died on this battlefield that this might be a land of plenty, 
of art, of culture, of universal education, and of broad hu- 
manities. This was the grand stake ; it was for this that these 
men laid down their consecrated lives.> 

But it is not the function of the Chairman to make a 
speech. That will be done by the orator of the occasion. 

I am authorized by the Governor of the State of Ohio 
to present to you, Colonel Cadle, and your associate members 
of the ISTational Shiloh Battlefield Commission, these Ohio 
monuments. 

The members of the Ohio Commission have had con- 
structed by a well-qualified monument manufacturer, Mr. 
Hughes, appropriate monuments for our dead comrades. 
They have discharged their duty acceptably. It has been to 
them a work of love as well as duty. The monuments them- 
selves will be the best evidence that they have performed their 
duty well. Hereafter they will be in the charge and cus- 
tody of your Commission. We know that as the custodians 



192 Ohio at Shiloh. 

of these monuments you -will discharge your duty faithfully 
and ably. What has been done upon this battlefield already, 
under your supervision, convinces us of the soundness of this 
assurance. These monuments will be great educators. 

Future generations coming here to look upon them will 
learn brave history and will be persuaded by them to culti- 
vate love of country; their study will inspire them to deeds 
of heroism and patriotism whenever the country shall need 
heroes and patriots. They will remind them of sacred memo- 
ries. They will remind them of the stupendous cost of our 
liberties, and of the ennobling sacrifices which these men 
made to preserve them. 

I will now read Governor Nash's letter which he asked 
me to read. 

State of Ohio. Executive Department 

Office of the Governor. 

Columbus, June 3, 1902. 
Hon. David F. Pugh, 

Columbus, Ohio. 
My Dear Judge: 

I regret, more than I can express, my 
inability to join ^-ou in the visit to Shiloh battlefield. Of- 
ficial duties which I cannot neglect without doing injury to 
the State prevent. 

It would give me very great pleasure, personally and offi- 
cially, to do honor to the memory of the brave men who fell 
upon that field more than forty years ago while fighting for the 
cause of our country. The State of Ohio has given expression 
to the high esteem in which she holds them by the beautiful 
monuments erected by her, the completion of which marks your 
visit. Their services and their patriotism is justly appreciated' 
by all of our people, and the memory of their immortal deeds 
has caused the love for our flag and our republic to grow un- 



Dedication of Monuments. 193 

til they are guarded by the loving care of all the people, with- 
out regard to former conditions and animosities. 

Hoping that the mission of peace upon which you and 
those who are to accompany you are about to enter will be 
very successful, I remain, 

Yours very truly, 

Geo. K. Nash. 

(Colonel Cornelius Cadle, Chairman Shiloh l^ational Mili- 
tary Park Commission, entered the service September 30, 
1861, as private, 11th Iowa Infantry. On October 30, 1861, 
he was promoted to First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 
Regiment. 

On April 4, 1862, he was assigned as Acting Assistant 
Adjutant General of the Ist Brigade, McClernand's Division, 
and served in that capacity in the Battle of Shiloh. This 
mention was made in the report of the battle by Colonel Hare, 
his Brigade Commander: 

"And I express my very great obligations to my Adju- 
tant, C. Cadle, who accompanied me on the field and rendered 
me most efficient service, and during the whole action by his 
promptness, energy and activity exhibited all t(he best quali- 
ties of a soldier." 

He was also mentioned in the report of the Division Com- 
mander, General McClernand. 

Colonel Cadle was promoted during the war as Assistant 
Adjutant General, to the ranks of Captain, Major, Lieuten- 
ant Colonel, and from the capture of Atlanta to the end of the 
war he was Adjutant General of the 17th Army Corps, and 
was brevetted a Colonel. 

After the muster out of the armies, he was ordered to 
Alabama on duty, remaining in the service until September 1, 
1866. 



194 Ohio at Shiloh. 

He was in many battles and was often mentioned in the 
official reports for gallant service. 

He was appointed on the Shiloh National Military Park 
Commission in March, 1895.) 

Mr. Chairman, Grentlemen of the Ohio Shiloh Battlefield 
Commission, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

The Secretary of War has in the following letter directed 
my action: 

War Department, Washington, May 26, 1902. 
Dear Sir: 

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of 
youT letter dated May 9, transmitting the invitation of the 
Ohio IShiloh Battlefield Commission tk> attend the dedica- 
tory ceremonies on June 6, incident to the transfer to the 
Government of the Ohio monuments erected upon the battle- 
field of Shiloh. Please convey my thanks to the members 
of the Commission for the courtesy of their invitation and 
inform them that the pressure of official business just at this 
time will preclude the possibility of my acceptlance of the 
same. 

I beg to request, therefore, that you will act as the rep- 
resentative of the War Department in the matter, and receive 
the monuments from the Governor of the State of Ohio for 
and in behalf of the government of the United States. 

Very respectfully, 

Elihu Root, 
Secretary of War. 

To Col. Cornelius Cadle, Chairman, Shiloh National Mili- 
tary Park Commission. 

It is a pleasure and an honor that I esteettn to receive from 
you, Judge Pugh, representing the State of Ohio, the thirty- 



Dedication of Monuments. 196 

iour imperishable monuments of granite, erected upon this 
field of battle, marking for all time the valor and prowess 
of the Ohio soldiers. 

What Ohio did here was only her duty — her duty in pre- 
serving the Union ; and that Union so preserved will exist 
while civilization lasts. 

These thirty-four monuments represent an aggregate 
force engaged of 14,688 — twenty-two and one-half percent 
of the Union forces. Their casualties were 1,955 — fifteen 
percent of the Union losses. This early battle in the great 
conflict of four years between American soldiers, both sides 
men who fought for principle, as they thought, settled by the 
gun and the man behind it the question of our nationality. 

The success of Union arms on this field was the beginning 
of the end that required three more years to make victorious 
the national flag, and today that flag floats on every sea, recog- 
nized by every nation, civilized or barbarian, as par excellence 
in the front. These monuments, complete in their design 
and execution, a credit to the artist and artisan, are gladly 
taken in charge by the United States, and will hereafter have 
its care and protection. 

Five JSTational Military Parks, Gettysburg, Antietam, 
Chattanooga, and Chickamauga , Shiloh and Vicksburg, evi- 
dence the feeling of the American people. Union and Con- 
federate, as to the good results of the battle between the 
forces opposed. 

Here upon this ground are soldiers, alive and dead, who 
fought gallantly in opposition. They are more than friends 
■now — ^they are brothers of blood — blood that was poured upon 
Shiloh and many other fields then fighting each other — today 
good friends. In conclusion, I can only reiterate that the 
granite memorials of Ohio are now^ in charge of the govern- 



196 Ohio at Shiloh. 

ment of the United States, and will be Ohio's Shiloh memorial 
long after all of us are "mustered out." 

Singing by the Choir, Star Spangled Banner. 

Introducing Col. Josiah Patterson, of Memphis, of the 
!N'ajtional Shiloh Battlefield Commission, Chairman Pugh 
said: 

A few years ago a fair was held in the city of Wheeling, 
West Virginia, to raise money for the erection of a home for 
dependent West Virginia Confederate soldiers. A Captain 
Johnson, of Ohio, a Union soldier, sent to the managers of 
that fair a Chinese sword of curious workmanship to be sold 
for the beaiefit oif the home. He said it was the best he 
could do, and that he was sorry that he could not do anything 
more. Inspired by the same spirit. Colonel Patterson, an 
ex-Confederate officer who participated in the battle of Shi- 
loh, on the Confederate side, will assist us today in dedicat- 
ing these Ohio monuments. 



(Colonel Josiah Patterson, a member of the National Shi- 
loh Commission, is the representative of the Army of the Mis- 
issippi, commanded by General Albert Sydney Johnston. He 
served as First Lieutenant in the 1st Alabama Cavalry, com- 
manded by Colonel Clanton. The regiment occupied the ex- 
treme right of the Confederate Army during both days of the 
battle, and when it retired on Sunday evening this regiment 
was nearer Pittsburg Landing than any other Confederate 
troops. On Monday evening it was in the rear of the Confed- 
erate Army when it retired from the field., 

Colonel Patterson is an honored citizen of Memphis, and 
has represented that congressional district in Congress three 
terms, and was succeeded by his son, Hon. Malcolm R. Patter- 
son, the present incumbent. 

Colonel Patterson is a gifted orator, as the following ad- 
dress will prove:) 



Dedication of Monuments. 197 

Fellow Citizens: We are standing on ground once the 
scene of a great battle between hostile armies, but now conse- 
crated by American patriotism to American valor. 

The battle of Shiloh will always be of absorbing interest 
to the student of the Civil War. It was the first great battle 
of that momentous and awful struggle. In proportion to the 
numbers actually engaged, it was one of the bloodiest. It was 
fought by armies practically made up of raw recruits, mar- 
shalled and lead by commanders who have taken their places 
in history among the great soldiers of the world. 

The guns had scarcely ceased to reverberate before it be- 
came the subject of controversy. The survivors of the Army 
of the Mississippi contended then, and have since maintained, 
but for the untimely death of General Johnston and the with- 
drawal of the Confederate Army on Sunday evening, it would 
have destroyed the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by 
General Grant. The survivors of the Army of the Ohio, com- 
manded by General Buell, have always insisted but for its 
timely arrival the battle would have resulted in overwhelming 
disaster on Monday. On the contrary, the survivors of the 
Army of the Tennessee maintained then, and insist now, that 
General Grant, reinforced by the division of General Lew 
Wallace, could and would, without the aid of the Army of the 
Ohio, have maintained his ground on Monday and forced the 
Confederate army to retire. 

General Beauregard was alike censured and justified for 
withdrawing the Confederate army on Sunday evening, while 
General Lew Wallace was alike censured and justified for not 
bringing his division into action on the first day of the en- 
gagement. On the one hand it was confidently affirmed that 
the Army of the Tennessee was surprised on Sunday morning, 
while on the other hand the contention was with equal vehe- 
mence denied. 



198 Ohio at Shiloh. 

In view of these controversies, and in a spirit of patriotism 
and fair play, congress, in passing the act to establish and 
maintain the park, provided that the Commission should be 
composed of three meonbers, one from each of the armies ac- 
tually engaged in the battle. 

I have related these familiar historical incidents oonnect- 
-ed -with the field in order that I may briefly comment on the 
manner in which the Commission has discharged its duties. I 
do not claim the gentleanen comprising it are altogether free 
from bias originating in preconceived opinions. The truth 
is, each of them participated in the battle, and the act under 
which they were appointed wisely recognizes that each would 
necessarily share the sentiments and opinions of his comrades. 

However, the act presupposed and the Commissioners 
were appointed on the assumption, they were men of honor 
who would not suppress the truth. The work, in order to be 
historically accurate, has imposed on the Commission labors 
involving great care and research. For the accuracy of de- 
tails it is indebted to Major Reed, the historian of the battle. 
His indefatigable services are being fairly and conscientiously 
performed and cannot well be overestimated. 

The Commission has not attempted the solution of histori- 
cal problems, but rather to restore the field as it was when the 
armies met, and to record on enduring tablets the positions of 
the hostile forces during the shifting scenes of the battle. The 
inferences which may be drawn from the ascertained facts 
thus recorded must necessarily depend on the judgment or 
bias of the student who attempts to explain what did occur, 
or from the known facts conjecture what might have trans- 
pired. 

While the Commission has been studious and impartial 
in its efforts to make its work represent the truth of history 



Dedication of Monuments. 199 

so far as it is ascertainable, it has not been unmindful of that 
sentiment comanon to all the American people without regard 
to past sectional or present political differences which ani- 
mated Congress in dedicating this and other battlefields to 
American valor. 

There is a very marked difference between this and the 
other military parks established elsewhere in the world to cel- 
ebrate the achievements of military heroes. The countries 
of the old world, true to their monarchical instincts, raise 
monuments on historic ground to represent national glory and 
grandeur, but here we erect monuments to commemorate the 
heroic deeds of the citizen soldiers of the Republic. 

But above and beyond this there is another difference which 
reflects infinite honor on the American name. This Repub- 
lic is the only government known to either ancient or modern 
times which has dedicated battlefields, inscribed tablets, and 
reared monuments to commemorate alike the heroic deeds of 
the men who fought to maintain the integrity of its territory 
and the heroic deeds of the men who. fought to dismember 
it. 

Behold the monuments erected by the Republic to the mem- 
ory of the Union and Confederate heroes who fell on this his- 
toric field. Who can tell the difference in cost and artistic 
beauty? They emphasize in enduring form that the Ameri- 
can people once had a cause of war, having its root in the 
very origin of the Republic, which they settled by an appeal 
to the sword without dishonor to either side. They mutely 
bear witness that it is impossible for another Ireland or an- 
other Poland to exist in America. They give expression to 
a national epic, the grandest and the noblest in the annals 
of time. 

These memorials speak for the great Republic and pro- 



200 Ohio at Shiloh. 

claim to the world that it has garnered under its flag the glo- 
rious achievements of all its heroic sons, no matter on which 
side of the great civil struggle they fought, and that sectional 
animosities have been swallowed up in the patriotism and 
magnanimity of a common country. 

In the light of human experience how strange, how event- 
ful and how glorious is the epoch through which the survivors 
of the Civil War have passed. How profound is the grati- 
tude of those of us who took part more than forty years ago 
^,in the great battle which raged around this spot, that we are 
spared to participate in the peaceful and patriotic ceremonies 
of this occasion. 

Who will say that the spirit of Washington has not, like 
the rainbow of promise, spanned the era of sectional differ- 
ences and fratracidal strife to abide for all time with the 
American people ? With coimmon traditions, a common lan- 
guage and a common origin, where is the citizen of the Re-* 
public who does not rejoice we have a common flag and a 
common country ? 

Where is to be found a Confederate veteran, or the de- 
scendant of a Confederate veteran, who believes, or has cause 
to believe, that flag is to him an emblem of oppression, hu- 
miliation or dishonor? Where is the Union veteran, or the 
descendant of a 'Union veteran, who doubts or has cause to 
doubt the patriotism of his fellow-citizens of the South? 

Standing in this presence and impelled by the memories 
which hallow this spot, I do not hesitat€ to say that the Ameri- 
can, be he from the i^orth or the South, or be he citizen or 
representative in Congress, who from prejudice or passion, or 
for political purposes, conjures with the spirit of sectionalism, 
is unpatriotic and does not deserve well of his country. 

As many citizens of Ohio are here to participate in the 



DEDICATIOISr OF MoNUMENTS. 201 

dedication of the monnments erected to tlie soldiers of that 
State who were engaged in the battle of Shiloh, it is fitting 
that I should refer in affectionate terms to that great Ohioan, 
the apostle of peace and good will — the lamented McKinley. 
jSTot three years ago I was present on an occasion when he 
addressed a great audience composed of Union and Confed- 
erate veterans, and was profoundly impressed with the solemn 
declaration he then made that if he could in any degree be 
instrumental in bringing about fraternal relations between the 
survivors of the Civil War he would esteem it the proudest 
achievement of his life. 

When the verdict of history is made up and his virtues and 
achievements are recounted, the crowning glory of his life will 
be that he exerted his great influence as chief magistrate in 
reviving and rekindling the fires of patriotism throughout 
the republic. Who will ever forget the confidence with which 
he appealed to the South as well as the Nortli at the begin- 
ning of the Spanish- American War; or how the country was 
thrilled when each responded with equal alacrity to his call ? 

As a Confederate veteran who participated in the scenes 
enacted here and who cherishes in fondest memory the heroic 
achievements of his comrades in arms, I pray that the spirit 
of McKinley may continue to animate the American people 
for all time. I rejoice that his influence for good was beyond 
the range of the assassin's bullet 

"In the blank silence of the narrow tomb 

The clay may rest which rapt his human birth, 

But all unconquered by that silent doom 

The spirit of his thoughts still walks the earth." 
This is an occasion of unusual solemnity. Withdravvm from 
the busy currents of American life to participate for a day 
in these ceremonies, and surrounded, as we are, by the peace- 



202 Ohio at Shiloh. 

ful prospect spread out before us, in a tide never to be for- 
gotten, we who took part in the scenes here enacted on the 
6th and 7th of April, 1862, are reminded that our shadows 
are growing longer, and the dav is not distant when we shall 
have beard the last tattoo. The majority of our comrades who 
felt the shock of battle on those memorable days have gone 
with Grant and Johnston over the great divide which separates 
time from eternity. 

On that shore, to which we are all hastening, they have 
joined a migihty ho&t of Union and Confederate veterans, who 
now know how He shapes the destinies of nations wrought out 
of a struggle apparently so disastrous to the salvation of the 
American people. 

If in the providence of God, Lincoln and Davis could com- 
municate with us at this moment, they would give us their 
benediction as we reconsecrate ourselves to the preservation 
of free institutions and the perpetuity of the most beneficent 
government which ever existed on the earth. 

After Colonel Patterson had concluded his speech, Chair- 
man Pugh said; 

If I had been in doubt before that Tennessee, with some 
other Southern States, was the land of "royal purple elo- 
quence," the doubt would be dissipated by the eloquence to 
which we have listened from Colonel Patterson. It needs 
some response from the Union side, which I am now tempted 
to offer. We are not here to fight the war over again. We 
are not here today to rejoice or exult over the defeated Con- 
federates. The victory of the Union was theirs as well as 
ours. It was not a victory of the ISTorth over the South, but 
of the Union, including the South over the South herself. The 
South was saved against her own will. The Southern people 
were jnst as much beneficiaries of that victory as the I^orthern 



Dedication of Monuments. 203 

people. The triumph of freedom and equality of right was 
just as precious to them, as to us. On both sides that war was 
rich in that heroic excellence of human character which super- 
ficial people had supposed was the monopoly of ancient his- 
tory, tradition and poetry. But it is no longer necessary for 
an American, whether Blue or Gray, to inflame his imagina- 
tion about heroes and heroism by reading the stories and 
legends of Roman and Grecian bravery. Austerlitz, Marathon, 
Waterloo, are rivaled, if not outrivaled, by Shiloh, Vicksburg, 
Chiokamauga and G-ettysiburg. The highest military qualities 
were undeniably demonstrated on both sides during the Civil 
War. There was endurance, fortitude and unselfishness ex- 
hibited on both sides. Americans can set their imaginations on 
fire about heroes and heroism by reading the stories of the 
bravery of Thomas and his men at Chickamauga, of Piekott and 
his men at Gettysburg, and other stories of equal interest, of 
bravery on a hundred other battlefields of the Civil War. 

We do not expect the Southern people to level the graves 
of their soldier dead, or to blot out of their memories the rem- 
iniscences of camp, battlefield and hospital. 

That the Southern soldiers were brave men and great 
fighters can be proven by all the Union soldiers. They were 
just as fine soldiers as Avere ever marshalled under the tricolor 
of France, the eagles of Germany or the lion of Great Britain. 
Xo Union soldier would ever think of robbing the South of 
the glory that it derives from that "steady, stem, magnificent, 
heroic, but hopeless charge of Pickett and his men at Gettys- 
burg," or of Johnston and his army on this battlefield. Their 
heroism is part of the common heritage of the whole country. 

The Civil War showed what kind of people inhabited this 
continent — ^brave men and women — all of them. It demon- 
Sitrated that the Anglo-Saxons on this continent had not de- 
generated. Bunker Hill was easier to charge up than Cemer 



204 Ohio at Shiloh. 

tery Ridge, Lookout Mountain or Mission Ridge. Washing- 
ton, sleeping on the banks of the Potomac, often heard during 
the four years from 1861 to 1865, martial footsteps which 
sounded like those of his own soldiers. 

After the battle of Mission Ridge, I was attracted bj the 
extreme youthful appearance of a dead Tennessee Confed- 
erate soldier, who belonged to a regiment of Cheatham's Divis- 
ion, against which we had fought all the day before. He 
was not over fifteen years of age and very slender in size. 
He was clothed in a cotton suit, and was barefooted — ^bare- 
footed on that cold and wet 24th of November, 1863. I ex- 
amined his haversack. For a day's ration there was a handful 
of black beans, a fe^v pieces of sorghuim and a half dozen 
roasted acorns. That was an infinitely poor outfit for march- 
ing and fighting, but that Tennessee Confederate had made 
it answer his purpose. 

The C^onfederates who, half fed, looked bravely into our 
eyes for many long, agonizing weeks over the ramparts of 
Vicksburg; the remnants of Lee's magnificent army, which, 
fed on raw com and persimmons, fluttered their heroic rags 
and interposed their bodies for a year l>etween Grant's army 
and Richmond, only a few miles away — all these men were 
great soldiers. 

I pity the American who can not admire siuch soldiers 
and reverence their memories. With all the bitterness, the 
soreness, gone out of their hearts, we should not hesitate to 
acknowledge that we are proud of their heroism. 

These monuments do not commemorate the victory of the 
North over the South. They will not foster any unkindly 
feeling. 'No Union soldier from his grave upon this battle- 
field speaks today of wrath and hatred towards, or exultation 
over, the Confederates, but mingles his voice with ours for 



Dedication of Monuments. 205 

peace, forgiveness, love and reunion. What we might have 
thought and said of each other during the war times is for- 
gotten now. The beautiful springtime flowers did not, on 
Decoration Day, make any distinction between the Blue and 
the Gray, but gave their fragrance freely to both sides. 'No 
mother wept any the less fervently because her boy was Blue 
or Gray. By a common grief the North and South was welded 
into a more homogeneous nation. The nation was made richer 
by the blood and tears which were mingled from both sides. 
The Civil War should no more be forgotten than the Revo- 
lutionary War. It is only its animosities, its sectional hos- 
tilities, which should be forgotten and buried beyond resur- 
rection. 

Our flag, with no star dropped from it, waves over both 
Blue and Gray today. Thirty-seven years have stilled the 
bitterness of the conflict. The passions have departed. We 
stand today immeasurably above all resentment and revenge, 
in sight of the consecrated grassy mounds of our dead. 

I said we did not expect the South to level the graves of 
their heroes. On the contrary, we want them to erect monu- 
ments to perpetuate their memories. On the great battle- 
fields, like this one, Chickamauga and Gettysiburg, it would 
be most appropriate to erect joint monuments. Why not? 
At Quebec one monument, erected by French and English com- 
memorates the virtues and heroism of Wolfe and Montcalm. 
Till this is done, these monuments, which we dedicate today, 
will hallow the memories of those who fell on both sides. 

Singing by the choir, "Tenting on the Old Camp Ground." 

Next the Chairman said: 

Another ex-Confederate is here to participate in these 
dedication ceremonies and to honor our heroic dead. He rep- 
resents the Governor of the State of Tennessee. I now have 
the honor to introduce Colonel Luke W. Finlay. 



206 Ohio at Shiloh. 



(Col. Luke W. Finlaj, of Memphis, represented the State 
of Tennessee and the executive who was unable to be present. 
Col. Finlay is a native of Mississippi, was educated at Yale 
College, and among Ms classmates were General Wager 
Swayne, Hon. D. P. Eichardson, of Western New York, both 
of whom entered the service from Ohio; Hon. B. D. Ma- 
gruder. Supreme Justice of Illinois; Hon. H. B, Brown and 
D. J. Brewer, Justices of the Supreme Court of the United 
States; Col. Geo. W. Roberts, of Illinois, and Gen. Jas. E. 
Rains, of Nashville, Tenn. In 1857 he became a resident of 
Memphis, from where he entered the Confederate Army as 
First Lieutenant of Co. A, Fourth Tennessee Infantry, one of 
the most noted of tbe many splendid fighting regiments in the 
Confederate Army. He was severely wounded in the first day's 
battle of Shiloh near one of the guns of McAllister's Illinois 
Battery, which was driven away with its supports from the 
point where its monument now stands by the Fourth Ten- 
nessee, which captured one of the guns anid disabled anotlier. 
Col. Finlay was also wounded at the battle of Perryville, and 
at Murfreesboro his brigade was matched against that of his 
former college mate, Col. Roberts, a touching account of which 
he gives in his oration. Col. Finlay commanded the Fourth 
and Fifth Tennessee in the battle of Missioniary Ridge; was 
again wounded in the fight on Elsbury Mountain, near Mariet- 
ta, Georgia. He was in the battle of Franklin, Nashville 
and Bentonville, and surrendered with his command April 26, 
1865. Since that time he has followed his profession as a law- 
yer, and is now in partnership with his son Percy, who, like 
his father, is also a graduate of Yale.) 



"Mr. Chairman, Soldiers of Ohio, and Fellow Citizens: 
I am not unmindful today of many pleasant associations 
and kind relations with citizens of Ohio in the past. I recall 
with joy and a sense of veneration an instructor of my boyhood 



Dedication of Monuments. 207 

and friend of my young manhood, Dr. William Rober, of 
Mississippi — ^gentle, able, good — an ornament alike to bis na- 
tive and adopted state. I recall many others whom I have es- 
teemed for their virtues and whose friendship I have enjoyed. 

Citizens, soldiers of Ohio, knew you not the many sons of 
your own state that cast their fortunes with us, took our view 
of the Constitution and the law of liberty, and gave theims.elve8 
for the South ? Let me say, among many others, two of your 
sons, two youths of good report, good lineage, left your beauti- 
ful State, made their homes in Tennessee, made good citizens, 
entered our army, led regiments, stood upon many fields, be- 
came generals, and one now sleeps in Arkansas, his adopted 
State, the other in Tennessee, and whenever and wherever are 
carefully read the story of tboee mighty days, are recognized 
and honored the names of these hero sons of Ohio, who fought 
for the sacred rights of home as God gave them to see it — D. 
H. Reynolds, of Arkansas, and Otho F. Strahl, of Tennessee. 

Nor need there be hatred of the flag. Sons of the South 
as well as sons of the North in all the generations of its his- 
tory have contributed to its glory. In that early struggle 
Washington, and Lee and Marion on many fields stood under 
its folds. In the war of 1812, Jackson and Carroll and 
others bore its colors in triumph and turned back the tide of 
the trained veterans of England, flushed with victory from 
the fields of Europe, and stayed the invader on the fields of 
Louisiana; and Davis, and Lee and Stonewall Jackson made 
it famous as they bore it frotm the coast to the halls of the 
Montezumas- 

Nor need there be hatred toward those recently in arms. 
There was not hatred of individuals. Let me recount an in- 
cident. Pardon the personal flavor of the scenes recalled. It 
was my good fortune to meet at Yale two young students. 
Each had Avon a good name in the encounters of student life 
and the manly competition of young manhood. Each achieved 
a name among their fellows and honorable mention of their 
instructors there. Each started in life in the law and each 
made a record worthy of preservation in the much coveted 



208 Ohio at Shiloh. 

office of State's Attorney in their respective cities of Nash- 
ville and Chicago, and each impressed their fellows at the 
bar with their ability, efficiency and lofty discharge of duty 
in these civic fields. But each was destinied to figure in a 
more strenuous, more difficult and more hazardous life. Peace 
had fled our borders and war had called the nation to arms. 
Was it Puritan and Cavalier again re-enacting the scenes of 
carnage in the new world ? Was it the lover of constitutional 
liberty on the one side and the lover of humanity on the other ? 
Was it the lover of the Union on the one side and the lover of 
the State on the other? ^^Tever before in the new world were 
so great and so heroic forces pitted against each other. Each 
of these young men sprang to arms, each raised a company, 
each commanded a regiment, and now, in the last encoimter, 
the two students from the same alma mater were each to 
command a brigade, and each die on the same fatal field. How 
strange are the vicissitudes of human life. I had (met them 
on the campus; in the halls of college, and now was to meet 
each of them on this, their last field of human action, the one 
at a feast, the other at a burial. Sunday before the battle of 
Murfreesboro I sat at table with a gifted young Tennesseean. 
I remember him now, full of life, full of hope, full of am- 
bition, recalling incidents of college life, and little either of 
us dreamed for the last time. Having carved a name and 
won the laurel wreath, he fell as one of Tennessee's bravest 
of the brave. The son. of Illinois, so able, stood in the midst 
of the cedar glade, his brigade halted for a moment, awaiting 
the impetuous advance of the brigade in which I served. The 
conflict was fierce. He fell at his post, and when he fell his 
lino gave way and the battle closed. The contest being over, 
I rode back to the spot. I saw a manly form lying there. I 
asked his wounded comrades who he was. They gave his 
name; they testified of his. heroism; they said, "Had he not 
fallen you would not be here." I reported these facts to our 
brigade commander, Gen. A. P. Stewart, saying, "Such a 
soldier deserves proper marks of respect," not knowing that 
I was at college with him. He replied, "Well, you may bury 



Dedication of Monuments. 209 

him there; I will send a detail of men to aid you." Wo re- 
turned where he lay; we digged a grave; we wrapped him in 
his oil cloth and buried him where he fell — "Earth to earth, 
ashes to ashes, dust to dust." Thus on the same day and upon 
the same field fell these two heroes, and today the names and 
fame of Raine and Roberts are worthy of honor in Tennessee 
and Illinois. 

jSTor have we lost or parted with our free institutions 
under written constitutions. We have started anew on a new 
national life not dreamed of either by North or South — ^the 
South stripped of the greatest burden she ever bore — and both 
pressing on in the glorious race of destiny. The sons of the 
South and of the North march and fight under itts flag. The 
sons of Tennessee and the sons of Ohio keep step to the music 
of its national airs. It was a beautiful act of McKinley's' — 
the emphasis of the heroism of Maj. Frank Cheatham, the 
son of the famous Confederate, and his associate in arms, in 
the far-off Philippines. The appointment by the President of 
Robert W. Reynolds, the son of Gen. D. H. Reynolds, one of 
Ohio's sons, another brave Confederate, to a lieutenancy in 
the army of the United States, breathes a true spirit, accords 
with true American citizenship. As a citizen of Tennessee, 
speaking for her, she welcomes you on her soil, honoring your 
fellow soldiers, on this spot dedicated to national valor. 

A great son of the North has left as a legacy the words, 
"Let us have peace." A great son of the South has left an- 
other legacy, "Remember that we form one country now. 
Abandon all sectional animosities and make your sons Ameri- 
cans." These words of Grant and Lee should be inscribed 
upon the top stone of the arch of the citadel of liberty. 

I take it not amiss, then, but am glad to be with you on 
this occasion and participate in these services in honor of 
Ohio's patriotic dead. We respond, too, with a due sense of 
the honor in behalf of Tenneseee and the Confederate dead 
who lie unmarked on this historical field. It matters not now 
what may have been the cause of that struggle wherein our 
fellow countrymen were arrayed against each other, and 
thousands gave and thousands more stood ready to give their 



210 Ohio at Shiloh. 

lives for the causes which they had espoused. It is of little mo- 
ment now whether you of the North made it under the call of 
humanity or under the voice of God ; nor whether we of the 
South made it in obedience to the voice of the law, or the 
constitution of our fathers. Sufficient it is for the present 
that we each in our own sphere willingly obeyed the call of 
duty and were ready with our lives to answer that call. 
Greater work than this no man can be called upon to do, and 
that your dead and our dead obeyed this call the records of 
this field, so full of the evidences of patience, the courage and 
the heroism of men, do fully testify. Tennessee then joins 
you on this national spot, reddened with the blood of her sons 
and your sons, in honoring those who on this field gave their 
lives as of America's heroes. It is a matter of rejoicing that 
we now have a common flag that represents a common country, 
and that your rights and our rights and the rights of your 
State and our State are equal under that flag. 

May we not now, in your presence, soldiers of Ohio, and 
yours, soldiers of Tennessee, who beheld the glorious sunlight 
of Shiloh and saw its deeds of valor, and of this audience, 
shake hands under the flag of a common country and rejoice 
in the heroism, the devotion to duty and self-sacrifice of those 
brave soldiers who made Shiloh noted the world over ? 

Tennessee admits the waste of her fortunes, the devasta- 
tion of her fields, the destruction of her homes ; that for a 
season she was under the tuition of adversity and schooled 
in affliction. But she comes not like the Niobe of States, 
weeping for her misfortunes, nor bowed in sackcloth and ashes 
in her adversity, but she comes with her living sons, sprung 
of the old stock, inspired by the heroism and dauntless intre^ 
pidity of their fathers. • 

Her slain sons she keeps in her sacred bosom, and will 
tell in story and song and tradition how they freely gave their 
lives at her call and sj)illed their blood for constitutional 
liberty. She makes no distinction in her sons. The names 
and fame of her Zollicofler, her Smith, her Rains, her Carter, 
her Adams, her Strahl, her Hatton and her other hundreds of 
heroes who gave their lives and their young manhood to her 
service she treasures up as a precious legacy for her yet un- 



Dedication of Monuments. 211 

bom sons. Her heart is full of love and esteem for her sons 
who fell on this field. How shall we measure their title to 
human merit? They gave all they had to give. They gave 
fortune, manhood, their young lives in response to the call of 
duty. Tennessee then points with pride to every sabre cut 
and bullet wound of her surviving soldiery; but most of all 
with pride to these her hero sons who sleep upon this field as 
the brightest heritage of her past. What shall we say, then, 
of these whose mortal remains lie in these unmarked graves; 
who believed that for human beings human law was supreme 
and that the voice of the law in the constitution of their 
fathers was the voice of God ? Young, enthusiastic, fired 
with the love of liberty, who Sihall say in the last day that 
they shall not have done in this great struggle all that was 
demanded of them by their State, by their families, and by 
the call of duty in its highest sense ? 

We have witnessed again what the centuries have given 
us in the past. Great contests have not been barren .of great 
results. Upheavals have given place to new conditions, new 
formations and new progress. The hurricane, the tornado 
and the whirlwind, in their irresistible march, are succeeded 
by peace, by calm and new conditions full of a new, a better 
and a more robust life. Out of Sacrifice comes the 
highest form of life. The greater the sacrifice the more 
glorious the noM'- and the resultant life-giving power. 
The field of Hastings witnessed the struggle for the mastery 
between the Saxons and the N^ormans. It was not an achieve- 
ment by the i^ormans that forever crushed and buried the 
hopes and destinies of the Saxons; it was not a defeat of the 
Saxons that forever lost to their native isle the permanent 
virtues and distinguishing excellencies that had characterized 
them as a people in the generations that had gone before. But 
these great two factors, as the ages rolled on, melted into one, 
and England's power and England's greatness knew not to 
which to attribute the most — ^%vhether to her polished ISTormans 
or to her sturdy Saxons. 

Albion herself was ignorant that within herself still lived 
and worked for good in her new and advancing life these two 



212 Ohio at Shiloh. 

great forces. But there comes a voice out of the eight cen- 
turies, speaking through her seer and prophet, her great poet 
laureate lifting his people out of the mists and clouds that 
had obscured the vision of her sons, and places. William the 
IN^orman once more on the ever memorable field, with the 
great Harold at his feet, and he transmits to the later ages 
that which should have profited more the England of that early 
day, and sings: 

"Since I knew battle, 
And that was from my boyhood, never yet — 
ITo, by the splendor of God — have I fought men 
Like Harold and his brethren and his guard 
Of English. Every man about his King 
Fell where he stood. They loved him ; and pray God 
My Norman may but move as true with me 
To the door of death. Of one self — stock — at first. 
Make them again one people — Norman, English; 
And English, Norman ; we should have a hand 
To grasp the world with, and a foot to stamp it 
Flat. Praise the Saints. It is over. No more blood!" 

And so in the seventeenth century England passed through 
another great crisis. The Cavalier and the Roundhead lashed 
each other in the very throes of national extremity. It was 
not that the one was altogether right and the other altogether 
wrong. The hardships, the labors and sacrifices of this mo- 
mentous period made way for the peaceful revolution of the 
century's close and the advancing tide of England's progress, 
into which the two great parties were again melted into one, 
in the coming years, as the succession of events crowded upon 
each other, was such that the mosaic of England's greatness 
and glory made her a chief among nations and a mistress upon 
the sea. A glimpse at her past will not fail to disclose that 
the warp and woof, the strength and power of England's name 
lost not her Saxon strain on Hastings field nor all her ele- 
ments of strength when the Roundhead went down before the 
superior force in the Restoration. 



Dedication of Monuments. 213 

Soldiers, of Ohio, then, speaking to you who come here to 
honor your brave sons who sJied their blood, and to tell the 
generations that come after that they died not in vain, who 
gave their lives for duty, there is for you and for us a mighty 
lesson from this historic field. They tell us that as the waters 
from a thousand streams, from the Alleghenies, the Rookies, 
and the water-sheds of the North flow together, one can see 
the turbid waters of the Mississippi and the clear waters of 
the Ohio as they rush onward, distinct and separate, and 
finally they apparently melt into one and the great current, 
its original traces now undistingiiishable, moves steadily, rap- 
idly, irresistibly, sweeping everything before it to the great 
and open sea. So it is with nations. The centuries as they 
have passed give us lessons of wisdom. We have fought to- 
gether on many a hard fought field. The struggles, the hard- 
ships and the sacrifices have in part wrought their great re- 
sults. Much remains to be done. Millions on the one side 
and millions on the other have sent their sons to battle. (Jan 
it be said that .loab was altogether right and Abner altogether 
wrong; that William was the sole exemplar of purity and 
right, and that Harold was the embodiment of ^vrong and the 
impersonation of crime ; that Andre was the meanest of man- 
kind, and that jSTathan Hale was the most heroic of all ages? 
You have your heroes and we have ours. If I mistake not 
they are stars in one common azure. Your sons may truth- 
fully say, "Thank God for the iron in the souls of our fathers 
who drew the sword or bore the rifle in the armies of Grant." 
So ours of the South may truthfully say, "Thank God for the 
iron in the souls of our fathers who drew the swords or bore 
the rifle in the armies of Lee." But there is a higher and 
grander and a more transcendent invocation of the Great 
Father which rises sublimely and more gloriously to the god 
of battles, because it is instinct with the love of a comiinon 
country, and is the spontaneous outburst of a patriotism that 
spans our country's horizon and comes from the heart of the 
patriot, and it is this : Thank God for the iron in the soldiers 
of the ISTorth and the soldiers of the South that drew the sword 
or bore the rifle at their country's call and gave their lives in 
devotion to duty. 



214 Ohio at SnifeOH. 

We today, mingling in fraternal concord far off from the 
fierce strife and bitter hostilities of those great days, forty 
years ago, not stirring up the ashes of the past for any ele- 
ment of bitterness, if any there be ; imbued with a sense of 
justice, grasping the truth of the centuries, gather up the frag- 
ments left, look out upon a new national life — the grandest 
of the ages, and on this spot, hallowed by the soldiers of the 
j^orth and the soldiers of the South — uncover our heads in 
grateful recognition of the devotion to ' duty of those brave 
men of a common country. 

Singing by the Choir, "ISTearer, My God, To Thee." 

Then the Chairman said : 

Ohio is rich in fit voices to commemorate the virtues, the 
heroism and patriotism of Ohio's heroic dead on this battle- 
field. The Ohio Commission wisely selected Hon. Ralph D. 
Cole as the one to give expression to the sentiment of Ohio. 
He will perform the duty ably, with fidelity and with thought- 
ful discrimination. I bespeak for him your constant atten- 
tion. You will learn that Ohio is not far behind, if sihe is 
not even with Tennessee, in eloquent sons. 

I now introduce Mr. Cole. 



The construction of National Military Parks on the great 
battlefields of the Civil War is not only a tribute to American 
valor, but they will also be a valuable object lesson, where 
the young men of this and future generations may learn im- 
pressive lessons of patriotism, and where they can read in- 
scribed on enduring granite what the American Citizen Sol- 
dier has done in defense of what they believed to be right; 
therefore the Shiloh Commission desired that the young men 
of Ohio be represented ati the dedication ceremonies on a 
field where the young of both N'orth and South demonstrated 
to the world what they could do and endure. 




_; O 



Dedication of Monuments. 215 

Hon. Ralph D. Cole, of Findlay, was selected to perform 
that duty. 

Mr. Cole was born in Hancock County, Ohio, November 30, 
1873 ; attended the country schools, and graduated from Find- 
lay College in 1896. After passing through college he taught 
school in the country for a short time, when he was appointed 
Deputy Clerk of Courts for his county in 1897, serving until 
1899, when he was elected to represent his county in the State 
Legislature at the age of twenty-five. Was admitted to the 
bar in 1900, and re-elected to the Seventy-fifth General As- 
sembly in 1901. He was chairman of the important commit- 
tee on taxation, and had in charge all administration measures. 
He was also a memiber of the Code Conference Committee in 
the extra session of the Seventy-fifth General Assembly, whicli 
drafted the Municipal Code as it finally passed. He is now 
a member of the law firm of Cole & Cole at Findlay. 

The following appropriate and eloquent oration ie proof 
that no mistake was made in his selection. 



ORATION. 



Mr. Chairman, Veterans, Ladies and Gentlemen: Ohio 
takes great pride in her patriots. We are a nation of heroes 
and hero worshipers. "We cherish but one sentiment for the 
soldier living and the soldier dead: cheers for the living and 
tears for the dead." 

Two years ago the venerable Senator, Mr. Mitchell, intro- 
duced a bill into the General Assembly of Ohio, providing 
for an appropriation of $53,000 for the purpose of raising 
monuments to mark the position of Ohio troops upon the bat- 
tlefield of Shiloh. It was passed by a unanimous vote. Not 
a voice was raised against it in either branch of the Legis- 
lature. 



216 Ohio at Shiloh. 

In accordance witli the provisions of that measure, the 
Governor appointed a commission to execute the law. That 
commission consisted of Hon. T. J. Lindsej, of Washington 
Court House; Senator John T. Mitchell, of Port Clinton; 
Hon. Joseph Laughlin, of Sidney; Hon. Milton Turner, of 
Cambridge, and Hon. IST. E. Park, of Ada. 

All of these gentlemen had performed distinguished service 
upon the battlefield forty years ago. They carried out the 
patriotic purposes of the law with soldier-like fidelity. The 
work is complete. They have honored themselves and the 
State. They are entitled to, and will receive, the endless grat- 
itude of every citizen, and especially every soldier of Ohio for 
their faithful discharge of patriotic duty. 

While we would honor every patriot who has fought or 
fallen in defense of the nation's flag, it is with special pride 
that we raise these monuments to the memory of the soldiers 
of our native State whose life blood hallows this soil and con' 
secrates this battleground. Loyal to the emblem of the Union, 
we are no less lovers of Ohio. 

We realize that it but serves to arouse passion and engender 
prejudice to institute unfavorable comparisons between differ- 
ent States and sections of our country, and the universal heart 
of this continent throbs with the inspiration that never again 
shall the discordant notes of civil war disturb the mighty chorus 
of the American Union. As members of one great federal 
family, our future relations must ever be friendly. 

But to praise the grandeur of one does not dim the splendor 
of the other, for the achievements of each are shared in common 
by all. What though a State has added no luminous page to 
our national history! What though it has inscribed no new 
name on the scrolls of earth's immortals ! It is glory enough, 
sufficient to satisfy and silence adverse judgments to be rep- 
resented even by the newest bom star on freedom's holy banner. 



Dedication of Monuments. 217 

Flooded with the golden light of the dawning century, 
Ohio celebrates her first centennial. What a magical trans- 
formation a hundred years have wrought ! Then a wilderness, 
inhabited by wild beasts and more savage men. Now an empire 
illumined by the torch of progress, where civilization's bright- 
est sunbeams fall. 

What a potent factor Ohio has been in our national life ! 
In every crisis she has rushed to the rescue, never faltering 
in the faithful discharge of duty. Her soldiers have been brave 
in battle, her statesmen wise in council. When I contemplate 
a citizenship inspired by the purest motives of patriotism, char- 
acter in its full orbed perfection and manhood in its majesty, 
I instinctively turn to that quarter of the horizon resplendent 
with the fame of six grand presidents — the Harrisons and 
Hayes, Grant and Garfield and him before whose tomb Colum- 
bia yet mourns, Ohio's noblest, best beloved son, William Mc- 
Kinley. 

Let us pause for a moment and pay tribute to our fallen 
chief. For his splendid example, his gi-and life and remark- 
able career will inspire loftier aspirations among men for cen- 
turies to come. Born in a humble Ohio home, surrounded by 
adverse circumstances, he has demonstrated that the poverty 
of the boy on these western plains is richer than all the re- 
sources of royalty. Grew to young manhood in an atmosphere 
filled with songs of freedom and love of country. When the 
"silver tongues of heroic bugles" sounded the tocsin of war, 
with the embattled hosts he stood in freedom's foremost pha- 
lanx. On a hundred plains he engaged in mortal combat imtil 
the terrible tumult of battle melted away into the sweet music 
of peace. The flag redeemed, its place of pre-eminence reas- 
sured in the political sky, he strove to heal the wounds of war. 
His was the high honor of reuniting I^orth and South, of bridg- 



218 Ohio at Shiloh. 

ing the broad chasm of sectionalism. By his character and 
s/tatesmanship, by the magnetism of words, the genius of his 
intellect and the commanding power of his impressive per- 
sonality, he won the heart of the South, and they loved him 
as truly as if he had sprung from her loins. 

Mark but a year ago his majestic entrance into Dixie, 
surpassing in magnificence Caesar's triumphant return to the 
city of Eome. The wealth of welcome is unmistakable evi- 
dence of unfeigned devotion to the federal government. As if 
to honor a home-coming, conquering hero, battle-scarred vet- 
erans of the Confederacy rose up to greet his coming. From 
the peaceful Potomac to the Southern sea, his course was 
thronged with millions of his admiring countrymen, envious 
all to do him honor, no hand to do him harm. And when that 
fiend incarnate, inspired with anarchistic hate, laid him low, 
execrations dire against the abominable deed and its perpe- 
trator, and sorrow's sweet incense, like Gilead's balm to com- 
fort the bereaved, ascended alike from all sections. 

"My countrymen, there comes a time in the history of men 
and nations when they stand so near that thin veil which sepa- 
rates mortals from immortals, time from eternity and men 
from their God, that they can almost hear the pulsations and 
feel the heart beats of the Infinite." This nation passed through 
that time. As his spirit was wafted home on the wings of 
that sacred hymn, this nation heard the voice of God. Awe- 
struck by that voice, the people knelt in tearful reverence and 
made a solemn covenant with Him and Avith each other that 
law and order should prevail; that governmental functions 
should be preserved in their integrity, and that anarchy, ab- 
horred and horrid offspring of imported ignorance and crime, 
should be crushed out of American life, never to rise again. 

Ohio! We hail thee today measureless in material wealth, 



Dedication of Monuments. 219 

princely in manhood's possession ! Home of illustrious his- 
tory! Enlightenment and Liberty, twin daughters of Civili- 
zation, have gTiided thy course and determined thy destiny. 
"Queenly thou art with glory on thy brow as a diadem." 

What are the elements of Ohio's greatness? A race con- 
demned to servitude could never rise to this exalted level. The 
secret of our strength is revealed in the statement that the curse 
of slavery never tainted the pure atmosphere of Ohio. The 
organic law of the Northwest Territory was founded upon the 
immutable principles of human equality. "It is fundamental 
in her organization, always embodied in her constitution and 
her laws, her policy and her convictions. The morals, and 
^religion of her people are instinct with its spirit." Ohio's 
greatness is God's gift of freedom transmitted by the alchemy 
of toil into the gold of manhood. 

The second element of power was in the character of men 
who founded our commonwealth. They were not mercenary 
adventurers. They were not convicts fleeing from justice. 
They were warriors of the Revolution bearing marks of honor 
from Bunker Hill, Yorktown and Saratoga. They were the 
Cutlers and the Putman's soldiers of that patriotic army be- 
fore whose terrible tread crowns crumbled and potentates fell 
powerless. They were the best blood of the Colonies colming 
to establish homes w^here, imder the protection of law, they 
might enjoy the blessing of liberty. What a superb specimen 
of manhood was that rugged old pioneer ! What invincible 
fortitude, sublime courage and unwavering resolution! What 
mighty difficulties they overcame! What towering obstacles 
surmounted! They came, and as if by magic the w^ilderness 
disappeared, rivers were bridged, mountains tunnelled, rail- 
roads and canals constructed, and from the forests were carved 
magnificent cities. ACaster builders, they founded a State 



220 Ohio at Siiiloh. 

whose light has gone forth to the ends of the earth and kindled 
the fires of freedom on the altars of the nations. 

The subsequent generations prior to the Eefoellion were 
true to the principles of the pioneers. They learned the lesson 
of liberty from the hills and valleys, the lakes and forests, 
x^ature's voice proclaims life, liberty and pursuit of happiness 
as inalienable rights, and when the great struggle for nation- 
ality came it was but natural that the legions of Ohio s/hould 
be aligned with the forces of freedom and fighting to perpetu- 
ate the federal government. 

The Civil War was the struggle of two great contending 
principles for supremacy. Was the State or ISTational Gov- 
ernment supreme ? Is freedom better than slavery ? Deep 
were your convictions on the question of human rights. The 
American people are believers in principles. They are in- 
spired with an unfaltering faith in the eternal right. They 
constantly revert to fundamentals. They are not swayed by 
passion, blinded by prejudice nor tempest-tossed on the seas 
of emotion. Reason rules their action; conviction determines 
their coursie ; conscience, enthroned in the citadel of life, is 
sovereign o'er their conduct. 

This spirit of sincerity is not sectional, but universal. It 
is a national trait of character. A finn belief in the righteous- 
ness of their respective institutions fired the heart of the North 
and quickened the pulse of the South. Both felt the sting of 
rivalry and wrong, and fought with the consciousness of rec- 
titude. Men, devoid of faith in their cause, never fought so 
valiantly. Such heroism is compatible with hypocrisy. Mo- 
tives must stand unchallenged in the presence of such daunt- 
less daring. 

Gen. Gordon once said that every battlefield of the war 
was a monument, indestructible as a pyramid, to the spirit of 



Dedication of Monuments. 221 

American valor. We read from history how Alexander raised 
his empire on the ruins of the world ; how Cscsar made Europe 
run red with war to elevate him to a throne; how the old 
guard of Xapoleon would die but never surrender on the bloody 
plains of Waterloo, yet never in the history of civilized war- 
fare 'Jiave men displayed such individual heroism. These 
monuments may moulder away and mingle with the dust of 
the plain, and the hills they rest upon may sink to the level 
of the sea, but the ages shall treasure as a priceless legacy the 
memory of our deathless dead, whose last lingering glance saw 
Old Glory wrapt in flame on the battlefields of freedom. 

The magnitude of that conflict no tongue can tell. The 
cost of life and treasure can not be computed. It was the Rev- 
olution re-enacted, but magnified a million fold. It was not 
the struggle of an oppressed people striving for freedom against 
the dissolute subjects of kings. It was Greek against Greek, 
Roman against Roman, American against American. 

Ohio's war record is the brightest chapter in the annals 
of our State. She contributed three hundred and forty thou- 
sand troops. They achieved honorable distinction in every 
great battle of the war. Eighty-four out of every one thousand 
enlisted men, or twenty-five thousand in all, paid the last full 
measure of a soldier's devotion to his country. There were 
eight thousand and seventy-two officers, ten percent of whom 
■were lost in battle. Twenty-one thousand men were killed in 
the Revolution, four thousand less than the loss of Ohio alone 
during the Civil War. 

The great commanding generals of that heroic age came 
from the ranks of the Buckeye boys. Grant, Sherman and 
Sheridan, three Ohio names that shall stand out sitar bright 
when the reflecting events of the nineteenth century sink to a 
speck behind the hilltops of time. I fancy that in that day of 



222 Ohio at Shiloh. 

final triumph, when Ohio makes np her jewels, her richest 
endowments will be reserved for the brave boys who wore the 
blue during the dark days of the sixties. 

Veterans, what a change forty years have wrought ! You 
w^ere young men, many mere hojs, just from school. Filled 
with vigor, strength and vitality, buoyant with hopes of roseate 
hue, you could see no obstacle to your advanceiment. 

Fondly you gazed into the future, planning to conquer in 
some peaceful pursuit. In boyish fashion you carved from 
the mists of tlie morning magnificent air castles, whose turrets 
and domes were thrown athwart the very sky, when suddenly 
the war cloud lowered, and you stood face to face with death. 
What a sacrifice! Home, health, hope, happiness, friends and 
family and countless thousands of your comrades gave up life 
itself that the Republic should not perish. Sorrow and ex- 
ultation alike contend for mastery as you contemplate that 
scene. You well remember the close of that day when silence 
first fell at the call of their names. The sad sun of April 7, 
'62, as it sank to rest, laved with its lingering beams for the 
last time their pallid forms, sealed their lips in silence still 
unbroken and stilled forever those throbbing hearts of heroism. 

Your leaders are not here today. Grant, Sherman, Buell, 
Gibson ! All sleep within the windowless palace of rest, and 
from its gloomy arches comes no answer to our call. The 
voice that called you on to victory is hushed for aye; the eye 
that flashed with the fire of conflict has lost its luster; paled 
is the cheek that flushed on the crimson field, and the hand 
that wielded the SM^rd of death lies motionless in the grave. 

They are gone, but death has no power to sever the ties 
of comradeship. You w^ere comrades ! I can not grasp the 
secret meaning of that word. Only they who have stood to- 
gether in the heat of battle, endured together the baptism of 
fire, stood like statues of steel and stemmed the onset of the 



Dedication of Monuments. 223 

enemy, can realize its potency or feel the magic meaning of 
thait sacred word "comrade." 

Forty years have fled, and Shiloh resounds again with the 
solemn tread of an army of patriotic pilgrims. You have 
come to review the scenes of your early triumph. You have 
oome with flowers and tears — the eloquence of gratitude — to 
dedicate these monuments to their earthly mission. Here these 
shafts stand, reflecting the noonday sun, beneat'li the quiet 
stars, silent and sublime, and here they shall stand forever — 
Ohio's majestic tribute to the memory of her beloved and 
honored dead. 

What a change I Then the trumpets of war echoed from 
liill to hill and thundered on from valley to valley. Then the 
demons of destruction held carnival with death. Now all is 
tranquil as the thoughts of love and peace, like the angels of 
light, hover o'er the scene. That flag, now emblem of earth's 
greatest political power, was then torn with shot and shell and 
drenched in fraternal blood. Then Blue and Gray were foes; 
now they are friends forever, both cherishing that ennobling 
sentiment, "One flag, one country, one destiny." 

Then let oblivion quaff the dregs from the bitter cup of 
sectionalism and memory be refreshed from the unfailing 
fountains of national glory. Qh ! heroic South Land ! We 
rejoice in thy renewed prosperity today. We hail with rap- 
ture the dawn of thy nobler destiny! Mantled in freedom's 
majesty, a j^iHar thou shalt be, immutable in the magnificent 
temple of ^imerican constitutional liberty. 

Veterans ! I perceive you are bowed with toil and en- 
feebled with time. You should gather inspiration from this 
occasion that will make your descent into the shadowy vale 
peaceful as the passing of the sunlight from the hillside. 
Round and about you is an uncounted multitude from another 
generation assembled to pay you the gratitude of their hearts 



'224 Ohio at Shiloh. 

and learn from the nation's living warriors the sublime lesson 
of patriotism. 

From the sun-crowned heights of your achievement,s jou 
gaze into the future with deepest solicitude. Will your de- 
scendants prove worthy of your sacrifice ? Will they preserve, 
protect and defend that standard whose every star and stripe 
has been glorified by a soldier's blood ? The charge has been 
made that the boys of the present generation, w^eak and effemi- 
nate idlers in the lap of luxury, have lost the martial spirit — 
that the courage of the ancestor does not survive in the son. 
It is true that they are predisposed to practice the .arts of 
peace ; but m'ark, when the flag is assailed, the military tide 
runs high, heroism herself could give birth to no greater 
heroes. 

Santiago and Manila have silenced that imputation of cow- 
ardice, and written in letters of fadeless light that the same 
spirit which wrought the miracle of the Revolution and de- 
creed immortal these plains, inspires the present generation. 
Men may live and die, parties may rise and fall ; generations 
come forth, sweep hurriedly across the stage of huni'an ac- 
tivity and pass away, and ages into history turn, but the sipirit 
of American valor and heroism remains unalterable, the same 
yesterday, today and forever! 

To young American manhood I appeal. We must be true 
to the principles and examples of our ancestors ; true to our 
country, its history, traditions and institutions, and keep un- 
tainted our title to citizenship. An invaluable trust has been 
committed to our keeping, A voice from out the past admon- 
ishes us; a voice from out the future petitions us to hold 
sacred that trust and transmit it as a treasure for all time to 
enrich and ennoble the human race. 

It was at Missionary Ridge. The command, "forward, 
march," had been given. The battle was raging. The colonel 



Dedication of Monuments. 225 

of a certain regiment, for an unknown reason, ordered a re- 
treat. The standard bearer, unconscious of the command, 
defiant of danger, struggled on up the slope, until he planted 
the colors in the very mouth of the enemy's cannon. Turning 
about, he saw his comrades way below in the valley shouting, 
"Bring down the flag to the men." Fearless he stood and made 
reply, "Bring down the flag to the men ? No, never ! Bring 
up the men to the flag." So, my fellow countrymen, if there 
ever comes a time in the history of our niationial development 
when the standard of our civilization falls one iota below the 
level of that holy banner, let us not drag the flag dovm to the 
civilization, but with the courage of king crowned citizens, and 
an unfaltering faith in the God of our fathers, let us raise 
the civilization up to the level of the flag. 

Veterans! You have lived and manfully performed the 
part of patriots through the most trying ordeal of our nation's 
history. You have lived to triumph over every foe and see 
your labors crowned with fadeless laurels. You have lived to 
see the destruction of sectional spirit and the star-spangled 
banner the theme of universal song. You have lived till the 
discordant notes of war have mellowed into the matin of the 
morning, till the clouds of doubt and gloom have given place 
to the sunshine of hope and joy. 

You have lived to see the golden sun of American inde- 
pendence rise full orbed, throned in the zenith of eternal day; 
to see the emblem of our fathers safely secured from civil war 
and foreign foe, proclaiming power at home, prestige abroad 
and liberty under law to the isles of the sea ; and, grandest of 
all, to hear the welcome tidings of the South Land's redeeming 
loyalty mingling in harmony with the universal chorus, "Lib- 
erty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!" 



226 Ohio at Shiloh. 

The ditties of this Commission are now complete; our work 
has been done ; the beautiful and artistic memorials which com- 
memorate the deeds of Ohio's sons on Shiloh field will stand 
and be admired by future generations, when the memory of 
those who created them has been forever buried in oblivion. 
It has been a labor of love alone; no reward expected but that 
of a consciousness of a duty faithfully and well performed. 
We have no regrets for the past so far as the discharge of our 
trust to the people of Ohio and our dead who sleep in unknown 
graves near the banks of the Tennessee are concerned. We 
have allowed neither prejudice nor animosity to lead us from 
the path of duty, and our only desire was that the result of 
our labor be our re\\'^ard. 



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